MScAgric / Thesis (MSc (Genetics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the Western Cape small grain cereals, triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack ex
A. Camus) in particular, appear to be among the most promising starch-carrying raw
materials for the production of bio-ethanol. A core group of cultivars and lines from
the Stellenbosch University Plant Breeding Laboratory spring triticale breeding
programme were subjected to initial testing for the purpose of ethanol production.
They underwent multi-location field-testing across six (season 2006–2007) and nine
(season 2007–2008) locations representing the Western Cape cereal production area.
Climatic conditions during the study were characterised as generally
favourable, especially in the 2007 season. During the season, trials were visited in
order to make in situ observations. Disease susceptibility was given specific attention.
After harvesting, grain yield (kg.ha-1), test weight (kg.HL-1), total starch content in
whole grain (%), amylose/amylopectin ratio, protein content (%), ethanol output
(L.tonne-1) and ethanol yield (L.ha-1) were analysed.
Near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy calibration models were developed for
moisture and starch contents. The best calibration based on whole grain spectra for
moisture content had RPD = 1.691, R2 = 0.657 and SEP = 0.271%, and for starch
content RPD = 1.646, R2 = 0.634 and SEP = 1.356%. Calibrations developed from
milled grain showed better results for moisture content RPD = 2.526, R2 = 0.843, SEP
= 0.182%, and for starch content RPD = 1.741, R2 = 0.673, SEP = 1.277%. These
calibrations are suitable for rough screening of samples.
In the 2006 season, starch yield was highly positively correlated with grain
yield (R2 = 0.988, P <0.001). Both starch yield and grain yield were positively
correlated with days to heading (R2 = 0.533 and R2 = 0.556, respectively; P <0.001). The 2007 season was characterised by a generally higher starch yield (2952–
3142kg.ha-1, 95%CI) compared to the 2006 season (2077–2315kg.ha-1, 95%CI).
Starch yield was strongly positively correlated with grain yield (R2 = 0.975,
P <0.001). Test weight demonstrated weak positive correlation with ethanol yield
(R2 = 0.238, P <0.01) and grain yield (R2 = 0.279, P <0.001). Mean ethanol output
ranged between 466–477L.tonne-1 at the 95%CI. Ethanol output was demonstrated to
be more dependent on starch and other polysaccharides accessibility to enzymatic
digestion than on the total starch content as such. The best lines for ethanol output in
the 2007 season were G2, D3 and H2 for the Swartland region, and D3, G2 and D1
for the Overberg region.
The best triticale lines under investigation showed their potential from a
biological point of view to be a suitable crop for ethanol production in the Western
Cape, with the achieved ethanol yield ranging between 2446–2625L.ha-1 at the
95%CI. For the Swartland region the best genotypes for ethanol yield were D1, H1
and D2, and for the Overberg H1 and G2. The 23 best lines were selected from the
elite and senior blocks, and then used for the establishment of a recurrent massselection
pre-breeding block. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die Wes-Kaap is kleingrane, meer spesifiek korog (×Triticosecale Wittmack
ex A. Camus), van die mees belowende styseldraende rou-materiale vir die produksie
van bio-etanol. ‘n Kern versameling van kultivars en telerslyne van die Universiteit
van Stellenbosch se Planteteeltlaboratorium se lente korogteeltprogram is blootgestel
aan aanvanklike toetsing met die doel om etanol produksie te meet. Die materiaal het
veldtoetsing ondergaan oor verskeie lokaliteite gedurende die 2006–2007 (ses
lokaliteite) en 2007–2008 (nege lokaliteite) seisoene wat verteenwoordigend was van
die Wes-Kaapse produksie gebied.
Klimaatstoestande gedurende die studie kan beskryf word as gunstig, veral
gedurende die 2007 seisoen. Gedurende die groeiseisoen is proeflokaliteite gereeld
besoek ten einde in situ observasies te kon maak, siektevatbaarheid het veral aandag
geniet. Na die oes van proewe was graanopbrengs (kg.ha-1), hektolitermassa
(kg.HL-1), totale-styselinhoud in heelgraan (%), amilose/amilopektien-verhouding,
proteïeninhoud (%), etanolopbrengs (L.ton-1) en etanolopbrengs per hektaar (L.ha-1)
gemeet.
Naby-infrarooispektroskopie kalibrasies was ontwikkel vir vog- en
styselinhoud. Die beste kalibrasies vir heelgraan voginhoud het ‘n RDP = 1.691,
R2 = 0.657 en SEP = 0.271% en vir styselinhoud RPD = 1.646, R2 = 0.634 en
SEP = 1.356% opgelewer. Die kalibrasies gebaseer op meel was aansienlik beter vir
voginhoud RPD = 2.526, R2 = 0.843 en SEP = 0.182%, sowel as vir styselinhoud
RPD = 1.741, R2 = 0.673 en SEP = 1.277%. Die kalibrasies is bruikbaar vir
aanvanklike sifting van monsters.
5
Gedurende die 2006 seisoen het styselinhoud en graanopbrangs ‘n baie hoë
korrelasie (R2 = 0.988, P <0.001) getoon. Beide stysel- en graanopbrengs was positief
gekorreleerd met dae tot aar (R2 = 0.533 en R2 = 0.556; P <0.001).
Die 2007 seisoen is gekenmerk deur ‘n hoër styselopbrengs (2952–
3142kg.ha-1, 95%VI) teenoor die 2006 seisoen (2077–2315kg.ha-1, 95%VI).
Styselopbrengs was positief gekorreleerd met graanopbrengs (R2 = 0.975, P <0.001).
Hektolitermassa het swak korrelasie getoon met etanolopbrengs (R2 = 0.238, P <0.01)
en graanopbrengs (R2 = 0.279, P <0.01). Gemiddelde etanolopbrengs het gewissel
tussen 466–477L.ton-1 by 95%VI. Data het aangedui dat etanolopbrengs meer
aangewese is op stysel en ander polisakkariedverbindings se ensiematiese
toeganklikheid eerder as totale stysel aanwesig. Die beste lyne wat etanolopbrangs
betref in 2007 was G2, D3 en H2 vir die Swartland en D3, G2 en D1 vir die Overberg.
Van die koroglyne wat deel was van die ondersoek het goeie potensiaal
getoon, uit ‘n suiwer biologiese oogpunt, as gewas vir die produksie van etanol in die
Wes-Kaap met ‘n gerealiseerde etanolopbrengs in die omgewing van 2446-2625L.ha-1
by 95%VI. In die Swartland was die beste genotipes D1, H1 en D2 en in die
Overberg H1 en G2. Die beste 23 lyne is geselekteer uit die elite en senior
telingsblokke en aangewend in die vestiging van ‘n herhalende-seleksie
voortelingsblok.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/1926 |
| Date | 12 1900 |
| Creators | Tsupko, Yuriy Vadimovich |
| Contributors | Botes, W. C., University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Agrisciences. Dept. of Genetics. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Rights | University of Stellenbosch |
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