The research carried out within this thesis was aimed at the development and implementation of a biocatalytic route towards Ticagrelor, a platelet-aggregation inhibitor. A bio-retrosynthetic consideration of the target compound yielded different possible strategies, which were analysed in terms of enantioselectivity and efficiency. The ultimate goal was to generate a biocatalyst specifically tailored to the starting material to yield the target compound in high optical purity and conversion. Different approaches to the chemoenzymatic generation of the cyclopropyl subunit (cf figure) in enantiomerically pure form were proposed and tested. The lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus proved to be the most selective and active enzyme tested and was used as a model enzyme, initially yielding an E of 76 at a conversion of 50% after 48h. Through both reaction engineering and rational protein design approaches the time to attain 50% conversion could be reduced to 24 h while the enantioselectivity of the process increased to 100. Moreover, in a rational protein design approach different residues in the lid of the lipase were identified through analysis of the resolved crystal structures and subsequently mutated in order to investigate the influence of these residues on the overall performance of the lipase towards the target biotransformation. Mutations on Asn88 resulted in the inactivation of the enzyme while an Asp57Asn mutation resulted in a more active enzyme. Ultimately, this research has contributed to making the synthetic route towards Ticagrelor more environmentally sustainable, diminishing the need for the use of toxic, unsustainable and sterically demanding auxiliaries, as well as the amount of waste produced. The principles of green chemistry have been applied to the case studied. The synthetic route towards a key fragment of Ticagrelor has been significantly shortened using a biotransformation with an enzyme that can be recycled and employed in catalytic quantities.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:bl.uk/oai:ethos.bl.uk:677730 |
| Date | January 2014 |
| Creators | Hugentobler, Katharina |
| Publisher | University of Manchester |
| Source Sets | Ethos UK |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation |
| Source | https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-of-new-biocatalytic-routes-to-pharmaceutical-intermediates-a-case-study-on-ticagrelor(0bda5532-3713-406b-873b-a40ee0d26a33).html |
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