Analysis of biological samples plays a crucial role in disease diagnostics and monitoring, as well as in research. For the analysis, detection and quantification is of the essence, and can be performed with immunoassays. These immunoassays exploit antibodies, and their characteristic specificity, to target analytes. Furthermore, immunoassays can be either singleplex or multiplex, meaning they assess one single, or multiple analytes in parallel. As of today, singleplex methods such as ELISA dominate the market, favoured for their precision and reliability. However, multiplexing exhibit reductions in time, costs, and materials. Nevertheless, one common challenge is the detection of small amounts of analyte, possibly discovering and monitoring earlier stages of disease. For this purpose, Cavidi AB has developed a signal amplification technology, namely the binding oligo ladder detection (BOLD). Currently, this technique is applicable to the singleplex market, while the implementation on the multiplexing remains. Here, we present a literature review of a selection of multiplexing techniques, and a thorough investigation of their possible compatibility with Cavidi AB’s signal enhancement technology BOLD. After undergoing a comprehensive analysis to evaluate various multiplexing technologies and theircompatibility with BOLD, a spectrum of compatibility levels were revealed. Some of the multiplexing technologies, exemplified by Luminex’s xMAP technology, demonstrated inherent compatibility. Contrarily, other platforms, including Olink’s PEA technology, exhibited incompatibility. Moreover, certain technologies, such as Standard Biotools’ CyTOF technology, were found to possess potential compatibility if modification to either BOLD or to the respective multiplexing technology were to be implemented. Furthermore, the need for signal amplification was identified to vary amongst the versatile technologies and the different analytes. This stems from the fact that the lowest detectable concentration level fluctuates between different analytes and technologies. Therefore, Cavidi AB should target companies with a generally high limit of detection (LOD). In addition, because of the fluctuations in LOD between analytes, specifying to which analytes an integration of BOLD would be beneficial, is recommended.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:UPSALLA1/oai:DiVA.org:uu-530191 |
| Date | January 2024 |
| Creators | Niemi, Agnes, Seltborg, Lea, Isaksson, Jennifer, Wallén, William, Eirefors, Malin, Hedin, Ellen |
| Publisher | Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning |
| Source Sets | DiVA Archive at Upsalla University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Student thesis, info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis, text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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