Wong Ka-kei. / Thesis submitted in: December 2004. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-139). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / THESIS COMMITTEE --- p.i / ACKNOWNLEDGEMENT --- p.ii / ABSTRACT (ENGLISH VERSION) --- p.iii / ABSTRACT (CHINESE VERSION) --- p.v / LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xiii / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Edible mushrooms --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Classification and terminology --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Mode of nutrition --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- World consumption --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Nutritional values of edible mushroom --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Medicinal values of mushrooms --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2 --- Mushroom mycelium --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Uses and applications --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Submerged fermentation (SmF) --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Factors affecting the growth of mycelium in submerged fermentation --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- Nutritional requirements - Carbon sources --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- Nutritional requirements ´ؤ Nitrogen sources --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.3.3 --- Nutritional requirements ´ؤ Minerals --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.3.4 --- Environmental factors ´ؤ Temperature --- p.17 / Chapter 1.2.3.5 --- Environmental factors - Aeration --- p.17 / Chapter 1.2.3.6 --- Environmental factors - Agitation --- p.18 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Optimization of growth of mycelium and production of EPS --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3 --- Mushroom polysaccharides --- p.21 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Biologically active mushroom polysaccharides --- p.21 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Chemical structures of mushroom polysaccharides --- p.21 / Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- β-glucans --- p.23 / Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- α-glucans --- p.25 / Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Mannans --- p.26 / Chapter 1.3.2.4 --- Protein-bound polysaccharides --- p.26 / Chapter 1.3.2.5 --- Other heteroglycans --- p.28 / Chapter 1.4 --- Mushrooms under investigation --- p.28 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Sing. (PTR) --- p.28 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Agrocybe cylindracea (AC) --- p.30 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Grifola frondosa (GF) --- p.31 / Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives and experimental design --- p.32 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1 --- Source of mushroom mycelium --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2 --- Effect of different carbon sources on submerged fermentation --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Production of mycelium by submerged fermentation using 250 mL and 1L shake-flasks --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Scale-up production of mycelium of PTR using fermentor --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Concentration of dissolved oxygen in 250 mL and 1L shake-flasks. --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3 --- Isolation and fractionation of mushroom polysaccharides --- p.40 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Isolation of exo-polysaccharides (EPS) from culture medium by ethanol precipitation --- p.40 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Isolation of EPS from culture medium by ultra-filtration --- p.40 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Hot water extraction of PTR mycelium --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Fractionation of HWE by fractional ethanol precipitation --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4 --- Chemical composition of HWE and EPS --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Phenol-sulphuric acid method --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Modified Lowry method --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Monosaccharide composition analysis of HWE and EPS --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.3.1 --- Acid depolymerization --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.3.2 --- Neutral sugar derivatization --- p.44 / Chapter 2.4.3.3 --- Determination of neutral sugar composition by gas chromatography (GC) --- p.45 / Chapter 2.4.3.4 --- Uronic acid content --- p.46 / Chapter 2.5 --- Structural studies of HWE and EPS --- p.47 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) --- p.47 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Methylation study and gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- p.48 / Chapter 2.5.2.1 --- Preparation of dry dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) --- p.48 / Chapter 2.5.2.2 --- Preparation of methylsulfinyl methyl sodium (CH3SOCH2-Na+) --- p.48 / Chapter 2.5.2.3 --- Methylation --- p.49 / Chapter 2.5.2.4 --- Extraction of methylated polysaccharide --- p.49 / Chapter 2.5.2.5 --- Acid depolymerization and preparation of aditol acetate derivatives --- p.50 / Chapter 2.5.2.6 --- Determination of partially methylated alditol acetates (PMAAs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- p.50 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1 --- "Production of mycelium and EPS of PTR, AC and GF by submerged fermentation in 250 mL shake-flask with liquid medium containing different carbon sources" --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- "Mycelial biomass production of PTR, AC and GF" --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- "Production of EPS of PTR, AC and GF" --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- "Characterization of EPS of PTR, AC and GF" --- p.62 / Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- Carbohydrate and protein content --- p.62 / Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- Monosaccharide composition --- p.67 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Summary --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2 --- "Production of mycelium, EPS of PTR by submerged fermentation in 1L shake-flask and 8L fermentor with liquid medium containing different carbon sources" --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Mycelial production of PTR --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- EPS Production of PTR --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Chemical characteristics of EPS of PTR --- p.83 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Carbohydrate and protein content --- p.83 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Monosaccharide composition --- p.85 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Structural characteristics of EPS of PTR --- p.87 / Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Molecular weight of EPS of PTR by HPLC --- p.87 / Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Glycosyl linkages of EPS of PTR by GC-MS of PMAA --- p.90 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Summary --- p.93 / Chapter 3.3 --- Hot water extraction of mycelium of PTR from the scale-up submerged fermentation in 1L shake-flask and 8L fermentor with liquid medium containing different carbon sources --- p.95 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Yield of hot water extract (HWE) of mycelium of PTR --- p.95 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Chemical characteristics of HWE of PTR --- p.101 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Carbohydrate and protein content --- p.101 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Monosaccharide composition --- p.104 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Structural characteristics of HWE of PTR --- p.112 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Molecular weight of HWE of PTR by HPLC --- p.112 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Glycosyl linkages of HWE of PTR by GC-MS ofPMAA --- p.116 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Summary --- p.119 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS --- p.120 / Chapter 4.1 --- Conclusions --- p.120 / Chapter 4.2 --- Future works --- p.121 / REFERENCES --- p.123
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_325159 |
| Date | January 2005 |
| Contributors | Wong, Ka-kei., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Biology. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xv, 139 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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