Chan, Chun Kit. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-161). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chaper 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- General introduction to cerebral stroke --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Different types of cerebral stroke --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Statistics --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Symptoms of cerebral stroke --- p.4 / Chapter 1.5 --- Complications of cerebral stroke --- p.5 / Chapter 1.6 --- Risks and preventions of cerebral stroke --- p.6 / Chapter 1.7 --- Cerebral stroke treatment --- p.8 / Chapter 1.8 --- Post stroke rehabilitation --- p.11 / Chapter 1.9 --- Mechanisms of stroke --- p.15 / Chapter 1.9.1 --- Energy production failure and loss of ionic homeostasis --- p.15 / Chapter 1.9.2 --- Excitotoxicity --- p.16 / Chapter 1.9.3 --- Calcium ions mediated toxicity --- p.17 / Chapter 1.9.4 --- Passive neuronal cell death --- p.18 / Chapter 1.9.5 --- Oxidative stress --- p.19 / Chapter 1.9.6 --- Inflammation --- p.22 / Chapter 1.9.7 --- Apoptosis --- p.25 / Chapter 1.10 --- Potential therapeutic agents for cerebral stroke --- p.24 / Chapter 1.10.1 --- Anti-oxidative enzyme and free radical scavengers --- p.24 / Chapter 1.10.2 --- Ions channel blockers and glutamate antagonists --- p.26 / Chapter 1.10.3 --- Anti-inflammatory agent --- p.28 / Chapter 1.10.4 --- Anti-apoptotic agent --- p.28 / Chapter 1.11 --- Experimental model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion --- p.29 / Chapter 1.11.1 --- In vitro model (oxygen and glucose deprivation model) --- p.29 / Chapter 1.11.2 --- In vivo model (Middle cerebral artery occlusion) --- p.31 / Chapter 1.12 --- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) --- p.32 / Chapter 1.12.1 --- General Introduction to Traditional Chinese Medicine --- p.32 / Chapter 1.12.2 --- TCM and cerebral stroke --- p.33 / Chapter 1.12.3 --- Chinese compound formula --- p.34 / Chapter 1.12.4 --- Introduction to individual herb --- p.34 / Chapter 1.12.4.1 --- Astragali Radix (Pinyin name: Huangqi) --- p.34 / Chapter 1.12.4.2 --- Rhizoma Chuanxiong (Pinyin name: Chuanxiong) --- p.35 / Chapter 1.12.4.3 --- Radix Salviae Miltorrhizae (Pinyin name: Danshen) --- p.35 / Chapter 1.12.4.4 --- Cassia Obtusifolia Linne (Pinyin name: Jue Ming Zi) --- p.36 / Chapter 1.12.4.5 --- Radix Glycyrrhizae (Pinyin name: Gancao) --- p.37 / Chapter 1.12.4.6 --- Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Pinyin name: Dongquai) --- p.37 / Chapter 1.12.4.7 --- Paeoniae Veitchii Radix (Pinyin name: Chi Shao) --- p.38 / Chapter 1.12.5 --- Salvianolic acid B --- p.39 / Chapter 1.13 --- Aim of study --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Drug --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- Herbal Medicine --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- Herbal extraction of PSR --- p.42 / Chapter 2.1.1.3 --- Herbal extraction of individual herb --- p.43 / Chapter 2.1.1.4 --- Salvianolic acid B --- p.43 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Chemical --- p.44 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Animal --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- (AAPH)- induced erythrocyte hemolysis --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Cell Culture study --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Cell Line --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Cell differentiation --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- In vitro model of ischemia - Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) experiment --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Cell viability assay --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- In vivo Study --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- In vivo transient focal cerebral ischemia model - Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Administration of PSR --- p.57 / Chapter 2.2.3.4 --- Administration of salvianolic acid B (SAB) --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2.3.5 --- Measurement of brain infarct volume --- p.60 / Chapter 2.2.3.6 --- In vivo anti-oxidative enzyme activity determination in the brain --- p.61 / Chapter 2.2.3.6.1 --- Brain tissue preparation --- p.61 / Chapter 2.2.3.6.2 --- Tissue homogenization and protein extraction --- p.61 / Chapter 2.2.3.6.3 --- Protein concentration determination --- p.63 / Chapter 2.2.3.6.4 --- Catalase activity determination in the brain --- p.63 / Chapter 2.2.3.6.5 --- Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activity determination in the brain --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.3.6.6 --- The Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity determination in the brain --- p.65 / Chapter 2.2.3.7 --- Behavioral Evaluation --- p.66 / Chapter 2.2.3.7.1 --- Neurological behavioural test --- p.66 / Chapter 2.2.3.7.2 --- Shuttle box escape experiment --- p.67 / Chapter 2.3 --- Statistical analyses --- p.71 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.72 / Chapter 3.1 --- In vitro model of ischemia - Oxygen glucose and deprivation (OGD) experiment --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2 --- AAPH assay of PSR --- p.75 / Chapter 3.3 --- AAPH assay of individual herb --- p.77 / Chapter 3.4 --- Brain slices after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) experiment --- p.81 / Chapter 3.5 --- Brain infarct volume of single dose protocol --- p.83 / Chapter 3.6 --- Neurological behavioural test of single dose protocol --- p.85 / Chapter 3.7 --- Brain infarct volume of double doses protocol --- p.87 / Chapter 3.8 --- Neurological behavioural test of double doses protocol --- p.89 / Chapter 3.9 --- Determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the brain --- p.91 / Chapter 3.10 --- Determination of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the brain --- p.93 / Chapter 3.11 --- Determination of catalase activity in the brain --- p.95 / Chapter 3.12 --- Brain infarction volume of Salvianolic acid B (SAB) treatment --- p.98 / Chapter 3.13 --- Neurological behavioural test of SAB treatment --- p.100 / Chapter 3.14 --- Shuttle box performance in training and testing series --- p.102 / Chapter 3.15 --- Change in shuttle box performance (% avoidance c.f. last day of training) in testing series --- p.104 / Chapter 3.16 --- Escape latency in testing and training series --- p.107 / Chapter 3.17 --- Change in escape latency (c.f. last day of training) in testing series --- p.109 / Chapter 3.18 --- Brain infarct volume of shuttle box escape experiment --- p.112 / Chapter 3.19 --- Neurological score in shuttle box escape experiment --- p.114 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.117 / Chapter 4.1 --- The protective effect of PSR in in vitro oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line --- p.117 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- OGD model and cell line --- p.117 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Protective effect of PSR in OGD experiment --- p.118 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Free radical scavenging property of PSR --- p.120 / Chapter 4.2 --- The protective effects of PSR in in vivo middle cerebral artery (MCAo) model --- p.121 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- The shortcomings of in vitro OGD model --- p.121 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Development of in vivo MCAo model and TTC staining --- p.122 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Protective effect of PSR in MCAo experiment (single dose protocol) --- p.124 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Protective effect of PSR in MCAo experiment (double doses protocol) --- p.125 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- The effect of PSR toward neurological deficits --- p.127 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Anti-oxidative effects of PSR in MCAo model --- p.128 / Chapter 4.3 --- The protective effects of SAB in in vivo middle cerebral artery (MCAo) model --- p.130 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Free radical scavenging property of different herbs --- p.130 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Selection of pure compound that used to treat stroke --- p.131 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Protective effect of Salvianolic B in MCAo experiment --- p.132 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- The effect of SAB toward neurological deficits --- p.133 / Chapter 4.4 --- The effects of PSR and SAB on stroked rats' performance in shuttle box escape experiment --- p.134 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Establishment of shuttle box escape experiment --- p.134 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effects of PSR and SAB on avoidance performance --- p.135 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Effects of PSR and SAB on escape latency --- p.138 / Chapter 4.5 --- Assessment on the contribution of SAB to the protective effect of PSR --- p.140 / Chapter 4.6 --- Comparison of acute and chronic testing --- p.140 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- The protective effect of the drugs (Histopathological examination) --- p.140 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- The severity of motor deficit (Neurological score) --- p.141 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion and Future prospect --- p.143 / Chapter 5.1 --- Conclusion --- p.143 / Chapter 5.2 --- Future prospect --- p.144 / References --- p.147
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_326522 |
| Date | January 2008 |
| Contributors | Chan, Chun Kit., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Biochemistry. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xx, 161 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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