This thesis is concerned with the issue of smoking in the surgical population. Globally, over 300 million adults undergo surgery annually and around 60 million are smokers. The population impact of this is enormous. Moreover, smoking increases postoperative complications and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Smoking rates are declining in the general population; but remains higher among surgical populations. Despite being an important modifiable risk factor, and the availability of treatments for smoking, many patients presenting for surgery still smoke and many resume smoking after surgery. Importantly, unfortunately in surgical settings, the implementation of evidence-based cessation interventions is still suboptimal.
The time around surgery is a “teachable moment” and surgical guidelines recommend that all patients who smoke should be provided with evidence-based smoking cessation assistance. This thesis seeks to answers the following questions: What are the factors that determine abstinence from smoking after surgery? What is (are) the best smoking cessation intervention(s) in the surgical setting? What factors constitute barriers and facilitators to the implementation of effective smoking cessation interventions? Is cytisine effective for smoking cessation? Will the use of cytisine and behavioral counselling delivered via personalized video messaging increase abstinence from smoking at 6 months post-randomization among surgical patients? Using a variety of research methodologies, the data provided across the 5 papers in this thesis inform these knowledge gaps. Chapter 1 is an introduction providing the rationale for conducting each of the included studies. Chapter 2 is a secondary analysis from the Vascular events in Noncardiac Surgery Patients Cohort Evaluation (VISION) study that evaluated the determinants of smoking abstinence in a representative sample of patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. Chapter 3 is a systematic review, pairwise meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating preoperative smoking cessation interventions.
Chapter 4 is a scoping review that explores the barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation in the surgical setting.
Chapter 5 is a systematic review and meta-analysis of cytisine for smoking cessation
Chapter 6 reports on the rationale and design of the PeRiopEratiVE smokiNg CessaTion (PREVENT) randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of cytisine versus placebo, and in a 2x2 factorial, personalized video messaging versus standard care for smoking cessation among adults undergoing surgery.
Chapter 7 is the conclusion chapter wherein I discuss the key findings, limitations, and implications of the research presented in this PhD thesis. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Up to 1 in 7 adults having surgery are cigarette smokers. Smoking increases the risk of complications after surgery and negatively impacts patient’s health and survival in the long term. Patients who are smokers have to stop smoking while in hospital for their surgery but majority of them resume smoking right after surgery. This is a missed opportunity to turn enforced temporary abstinence from smoking to permanent abstinence.
It is informative to understand the factors that determine this resumption of smoking after temporary abstinence, determine the most effective interventions to help smokers quit smoking permanently and importantly, understand the barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation in surgical settings. Additionally, the current methods for smoking cessation are sub-optimally utilized in surgical settings. We need further research to evaluate new interventions, and ways of delivering smoking cessation care for smokers undergoing surgery. The studies in this thesis inform on these knowledge gaps.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:mcmaster.ca/oai:macsphere.mcmaster.ca:11375/29053 |
| Date | January 2023 |
| Creators | Ofori, Sandra N. |
| Contributors | Devereaux, PJ, Health Research Methodology |
| Source Sets | McMaster University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
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