Children with chronic inflammatory disease (CID) are at an increased risk for health complications including mental health issues, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. These complications have been linked to elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lifestyle behaviours including low physical activity, and high sedentary time. Physical activity may represent a simple and effective strategy to modulate inflammation and subsequently improve health outcomes. However, the link between cytokines and movement behaviours in children with a CID remains poorly understood. Indeed, no studies to date have examined the link between a broad complement of inflammatory markers and patterns of movement behaviours in children with a CID. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: (1) examine movement behaviours and inflammation in children with either cystic fibrosis (CF), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and type 1 diabetes (T1DM), (2) examine movement behaviours and inflammation in children with a CID compared with healthy controls and (3) examine the association between movement behaviours and inflammation profiles in children with a CID. We hypothesized that (1) children with a CID will have comparable movement profiles and inflammation, (2) children with a CID will have lower physical activity levels and higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines relative to healthy counterparts, and (3) children with a CID who are more physically active and engage in less sedentary time will have less inflammation. Boys and girls with a CID and controls wore an ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer around the waist during waking hours for 7 days. Outcomes of interest included, sedentary time, time spent in light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and total PA (TPA), determined using Evenson cut-points. After one week a fasted blood sample was collected to determine serum cytokines (TNFα, IL-23, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-6, IL-
17, TGFβ, IL-10) by multiplex assays and C-reactive protein by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 132 participants (47% girls; age: 13.3±2.8 years), including JIA (N=27), IBD (N=21), CF (N=14), T1DM (N=18) and healthy controls (N=52), completed the study. Physical activity and inflammatory profiles were comparable between CF, JIA, IBD and T1DM groups. Children with a CID participated in 13.3 fewer mins/day [95% confidence interval 6.9, 101.2] (MVPA (F(1,113)=11.015, p=0.001) of MVPA relative to healthy controls and had comparable cytokine profiles. Physical activity did not predict inflammation in children with a CID. However, we know that physical activity has many beneficial cardiorespiratory and mental health effects. As such, it is still of interest to uncover any potential effects movement behaviours may have on our immune system. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / The purpose of this study was to assess how physical activity, sedentary time, and inflammation are associated. Inflammation is an important part of our immune system that protects us from infection and disease; however, when inflammation goes unchecked, it can cause serious chronic inflammatory disease. We were interested in understanding if children with a chronic inflammatory disease had different levels of physical activity and sedentary time, or different levels of inflammation than healthy children with no medical conditions. We were also interested in understanding if physical activity or sedentary time were related to levels of inflammation in children with a chronic disease. We asked boys and girls between 7 and 17 years old to visit our lab twice. Some of our participants had a medical condition, including chronic kidney disease, cystic fibrosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, or inflammatory bowel disease and type 1 diabetes. We also invited a group of children who had no medical condition to participate. During their first visit, we measured their weight, height, pubertal status and gave them a physical activity monitor to wear for 7 days before coming back for their second visit. At their second visit we took a small blood sample that we used to measure immune proteins called cytokines, these proteins act like messengers to tell the immune system what to do. Some of them make inflammation worse, and others help to bring down levels of inflammation. We found that children who had a chronic inflammatory disease participated in less physical activity but had similar levels of sedentary time compared with healthy children. We also found that there were no differences in inflammation between children with a chronic disease and healthy children. Lastly, we found that physical activity and sedentary time were not related to inflammation levels. Although we did not find a relationship between physical activity and inflammation, we know that physical activity has many beneficial cardiorespiratory and mental health effects. As such, it is still of interest to uncover any potential effects movement behaviours may have on health outcomes.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:mcmaster.ca/oai:macsphere.mcmaster.ca:11375/27960 |
| Date | 11 1900 |
| Creators | Ball, Elizabeth |
| Contributors | Obeid, Joyce, Medical Sciences |
| Source Sets | McMaster University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
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