Frequency-dependent earthquake coda attenuation values are often reported; however such measurements usually depend on the types of the attenuation models employed. In this thesis, I use numerical modeling of Peaceful Nuclear Explosion (PNE) codas at far regional to teleseismic distances to compare two of such models, namely the conventional frequency-dependent attenuation with parameters (Q0, ¦Ç) defined by Qcoda(f) = Q0f¦Ç and frequency-independent effective attenuation (Qe) with geometrical attenuation (¦Ã). The results favour strongly the (¦Ã, Qe) model and illustrate the
mechanisms leading to apparent Qcoda(f) dependencies. Tests for variations of the crustal
velocity structures show that the values of ¦Ã are stable and related to lithospheric structural types, and the inverted Qe values can be systematically mapped into the true Swave
attenuation factors within the crust. Modeling also shows that ¦Ã could increase in areas where relatively thin attenuating layers are present within the crust; such areas could likely be related to younger and active tectonics. By contrast, when interpreted by using the traditional (Q0,¦Ç) approach, the synthetic coda shows a strong and spurious frequency dependence with ¦Ç ¡Ö 0.5, which is also similar to many published observations.<p>
Observed Lg codas from two Peaceful Nuclear Explosions located in different areas in Russia show similar values of ¦Ã ¡Ö 0.75¡¤10-2 s-1, which are also remarkably close to the independent numerical predictions in this thesis. At the same time, coda Qe values vary strongly, from 850 in the East European Platform to 2500 within the Siberian Craton. This suggests that parameters ¦Ã and Qe could provide stable and transportable discriminants for differentiating between the lithospheric tectonic types and ages, and also for seismic coda regionalization in nuclear-test monitoring research.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LACETR/oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:SSU.etd-04232009-144903 |
| Date | 04 May 2009 |
| Creators | Zhang, Chaoying |
| Contributors | Merriam, James B., Koustov, Alexandre V. (Sasha), Butler, Samuel L., Ansdell, Kevin M., Morozov, Igor |
| Publisher | University of Saskatchewan |
| Source Sets | Library and Archives Canada ETDs Repository / Centre d'archives des thèses électroniques de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://library.usask.ca/theses/available/etd-04232009-144903/ |
| Rights | unrestricted, I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee. I hereby grant to University of Saskatchewan or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. |
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