<p>A large number of crosswalks are
indicated by pavement markings and signs but are not signal-controlled. In this study, such a location is called
“semi-controlled”. In locations where
such a crosswalk has moderate amounts of pedestrian and vehicle traffic,
pedestrians and motorists often engage in a non-verbal “negotiation”, to
determine who should proceed first. </p>
<p> </p>
<p>In this study, 3400
pedestrian-motorist non-verbal interactions at such semi-controlled crosswalks
were recorded by video. The crosswalk locations observed during the study
underwent a conversion from one-way operation in Spring 2017 to two-way
operation in Spring 2018. This offered a
rare opportunity to collect and analyze data for the same location under two
conditions.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>This research explored factors
that could be associated with pedestrian crossing behavior and motorist <i>likelihood of decelerating</i>. A mixed
effects logit model and binary logistic regression were utilized to identify
factors that influence the likelihood of pedestrian crossing under specific
conditions. The complementary motorist
models used generalized ordered logistic regression to identify factors that
impact a driver’s <i>likelihood of
decelerating</i>, which was found to be a more useful factor than <i>likelihood of yielding to pedestrian</i>.
The data showed that 56.5% of drivers slowed down or stopped for pedestrians on
the one-way street. This value rose to
63.9% on the same street after it had been converted to 2-way operation. Moreover,
two-way operation eliminated the effects of the presence of other vehicles on
driver behavior.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Also investigated were factors
that could influence how long a pedestrian is likely to wait at such
semi-controlled crosswalks. Two types of models were proposed to correlate
pedestrian waiting time with various covariates. First, survival models were
developed to analyze pedestrian wait time based on the first-event
analysis. Second, multi-state Markov models were introduced to correlate the
dynamic process between recurrent events. Combining the first-event and
recurrent events analyses addressed the drawbacks of both methods. Findings
from the before-and-after study can contribute to developing operational and
control strategies to improve the level of service at such unsignalized
crosswalks.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>The results of this study can
contribute to policies and/or control strategies that will improve the
efficiency of semi-controlled and similar crosswalks. This type of crosswalk is common, so the
benefits of well-supported strategies could be substantial. </p>
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:purdue.edu/oai:figshare.com:article/8018327 |
| Date | 20 August 2019 |
| Creators | Yunchang Zhang (6616565) |
| Source Sets | Purdue University |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, Thesis |
| Rights | CC BY 4.0 |
| Relation | https://figshare.com/articles/PEDESTRIAN-VEHICLE_INTERACTIONS_AT_SEMI-CONTROLLED_CROSSWALKS_EXPLANATORY_METRICS_AND_MODELS/8018327 |
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