The research explores the potential impact of climate change on water availability in the highlands of Yemen across various future scenarios. To overcome the challenge of limited ground observations in Yemen, the study first evaluated multiple advanced climate datasets, including satellite-based, reanalysis, and gauge-based data. It then employed statistical downscaling to produce more accurate projections with higher spatial resolution and used the SWAT hydrological model to examine how key water components will be affected by changes in precipitation and temperature. Additionally, the study included a socio-economic analysis to identify practical adaptation measures to mitigate the impact on water availability, with a particular emphasis on local strategies that can be effectively implemented by the community.:List of Figures v
List of Tables x
Abbreviations and Symbols xii
Abstract xv
General Abstract xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview 2
1.2 Description of the study area 5
1.3 Objectives of the study 7
1.4 Arrangement of the research chapters 8
1.5 A List of the Papers and their Contributions to the Thesis 10
Evaluation the Performance of Several Precipitation Products over the Highland Region of Yemen for Water Resources Management 13
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Study area and climate data 18
2.2.1 Region of interest 18
2.2.2 Data sets 19
2.2.3 Satellite-based data 20
2.2.4 Reanalysis data 21
2.2.5 Gauge-based data 22
2.3 Materials and Methods 24
2.3.1 Quality control of ground data 24
2.3.2 Comparing the precipitation products against observations 24
2.4 Results 27
2.4.1 Examination of rainfall daily estimates 27
2.4.2 Monthly evaluation 30
2.4.3 Annual timescale evaluation 36
2.5 Discussion 39
2.6 Conclusion 40
Projection of Climate Variability on the Yemeni Highlands by Statistical Down-Scaling for the Period 2010-2100 44
3.1 Introduction 47
3.2 The study area 52
3.3 Methodology and data sets 54
3.3.1 High-resolution gridded data 55
3.3.2 Reanalysis data 55
3.3.3 Global Climate Models (GCMs) data 56
3.3.4 Assessment of GCMs ensembles (CMIP5 and CMIP6) 57
3.3.5 The Statistical Down-Scaling Model (SDSM) 58
3.3.6 Predictors and steps of calibration and validation of SDSM 60
3.4 Results 60
3.4.1 Calibration and validation of precipitation 60
3.4.2 Calibration result of the temperature 65
3.4.3 Current condition of precipitation across the region 66
3.4.4 Seasonal future scenarios of precipitation 68
3.4.5 Annual projections of precipitation 72
3.4.6 Evaluation of SDSM precipitation output with GCMs estimates against rainfall observations 74
3.4.7 Long-term changes in maximum temperature 75
3.4.8 Long-term changes in minimum temperature 77
3.4.9 Evaluation of SDSM output and GCMs estimates against observed temperature 78
3.5 Discussion 79
3.6 Summary and conclusion 82
4 Hydrological Investigation of Climate Change Impacts on Water Balance Components in the Terraced Watersheds of Yemeni Highlands Region 85
4.1 Introduction 86
4.2 Materials and methods 88
4.2.1 Description of the catchments 88
4.2.2 Soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) 91
4.2.3 Topography and watershed configuration 92
4.2.4 Soil data 92
4.2.5 Land use and land cover (LULC) data 93
4.2.6 Hydro-meteorological data 94
4.2.7 Elevation bands and terraces integration 96
4.3 Model performance metrics 99
4.4 Results 100
4.4.1 Sensitivity analysis 100
4.4.2 Result of calibration and validation 102
4.4.3 Climate change projected change on the region 105
4.4.4 Impact assessment of the hydrological regime of Sana’a catchment 107
4.4.5 Assessment of hydrological regime of Surdod catchment 109
4.4.6 Assessment of climate change impact on the hydrological regime of Siham watershed 111
4.5 Discussion 113
4.6 Summary and conclusion 118
5 Potential of Traditional Adaptation Measures in Mitigating the Impacts of Climate Change 120
5.1 Introduction 121
5.2 Materials and methods 125
5.2.1 The study area 125
5.2.2 Data collection 125
5.3 Result and discussion 127
5.3.1 Agricultural water management 127
5.3.2 Farming measures 132
5.3.3 Soil protection measures 134
5.3.4 Conservation of natural resources 135
5.3.5 Household measures 137
5.3.6 Social aspects and challenges 139
5.4 Conclusion 142
6 General Conclusion and Recommendations 145
6.1 General conclusion 145
6.1.1 Summary 146
6.1.2 General recommendations 148
Acknowledgement 151
Bibliography 179
7 Supplementary Materials 180
7.1 Supplementary material Chapter 3 181
7.2 Supplementary materials chapter 4 184
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:DRESDEN/oai:qucosa:de:qucosa:92684 |
| Date | 01 August 2024 |
| Creators | Al-Falahi, Ali H. |
| Contributors | Bernhofer, Christian, Maas, Hans-Gerd, Al-Nozaily, Fadhl A., Spank, Uwe, Technische Universität Dresden |
| Source Sets | Hochschulschriftenserver (HSSS) der SLUB Dresden |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, doc-type:doctoralThesis, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis, doc-type:Text |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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