This retrospective clinical study aimed: (1) to establish and validate a reproducible geometrical measurement strategy in quantifying peri-implant alveolar bone changes based on CBCT images taken before and one year after implantation; (2) to quantify and compare the bone changes of Type 1 and Type 4 implant placement in the patient cohort that requested implant placement at premolar and molar sites; (3) to analyse the bone changes in relation to the two implant protocols in aspects of buccal and lingual, maxilla and mandible, within the cohort and combined cohorts. 3D imaging analysis in this study had used a software package - OnDemand3D. The evaluation of the measurement strategy was based on a simulation model which was made of human dry skull with and without a standard implant (Straumann Standard Plus, Ø3.3 mm diameter, L12 mm) to simulate before and after the implant placement. The recruited cases were 69 (44 Type 1 cases and 25 Type 4 cases); all data sets were provided by Shanghai 9th people's hospital, China. Each case had two CBCT data sets at before and one year after implant placement. With 69 cases, bone grafting was applied to all Type 1 cases, and the flap surgery was applied to Type 1 cases when buccal bone recession greater than 3 mm. The measurements were made in bone height (HL) and bone thickness (L0O0, L1O1, L2O2, L3O) at lingual side, while the same at buccal side (HB, B0O0, B1O1, B2O2, B3O3). The four sections of bone thickness were at 0, 1 mm, 4 mm and 7 mm from the top of the implant. Additionally, six special cases were reported, as they provided extra information. They were two spilt-mouth control cases, three 2-year follow-up cases and one 3-year follow-up case. The evaluation of the measurement strategy showed the error of the measurement strategy was -0.06 mm and the measurement uncertainty was ±0.05 mm. The main measurement outcomes from the clinical cases were as follows: (1) at buccal side, the mean value of bone changes in height was a positive value of +0.18±1.64 mm for Type 1, which was significantly more than +0.01±0.86 mm for Type 4 (p < 0.05). However the standard deviation over the 44 and 25 patient cohorts were as large as 1.64 mm and 0.86 mm; (2) at buccal side, the bone changes in thickness showed significantly more loss at B0O0 (p < 0.01) and B1O1 (p < 0.05) sections in Type 1 (-0.38±1.49 mm and -0.25±1.15 mm) compared with Type 4 (-0.19±0.34 mm and -0.16±0.76 mm); (3) in Type 1 cases, the bone thickness at buccal side showed significantly more absorption at L1O1B1 (p < 0.05), L2O2B2 (p < 0.01), L3O3B3 (p < 0.01) section (-0.25±1.15 mm, -0.19±0.99 mm, -0.12±0.57 mm) compared to lingual side (-0.13±0.85 mm, -0.16±0.28 mm, -0.05±0.28 mm); and the bone height (+0.18±1.64 mm) increased significantly more at buccal side than lingual side (-0.25±0.79 mm) with bone augmentation procedure (p < 0.01). However, within Type 4 cases, no significant difference in bone changes between buccal and lingual sides could be found. In conclusion, the measurement strategy established in this study was reproducible and provided valid quantifiable data of bone changes in relation to implant placement based on 3D CBCT images. The data analysis from these two patient cohorts suggested that Type 1 implant placement protocol could re-build the bone height at buccal side better than Type 4.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:bl.uk/oai:ethos.bl.uk:765859 |
| Date | January 2017 |
| Creators | Cheng, Xiaoli |
| Publisher | Queen Mary, University of London |
| Source Sets | Ethos UK |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation |
| Source | http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/24561 |
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