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Previous issue date: 2017-03-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The essential oils are of great economic importance for several sectors of the world industry due to the varied range of properties and for being an alternative to the synthetic substances existing in the market. One way of obtaining these essential oils is through the technique of steam distillation, process widely used due to simplicity and low cost. The goals of this work were to obtain the essential oil of the species Achyrocline satureioides by steam distillation in different operating conditions, heading to model this process mathematically, to obtain the volatile compounds present in the essential oil by solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique, to analyze the oil and the volatile compounds accomplished by chromatographic/olfatomatric methods and to carry out a theoretical study of the separation of the major compounds of the essential oil by the fractional batch distillation technique. The achieved results demonstrated that the mathematical model, based on the one-dimensional mass balance in the fluid and solid phases to represent the extraction of essential oils in a pilot scale steam distillation unit, fitted well to the experimental data. The major compounds obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were E-Caryophyllene, ?-Pinene, ?-Copaene and ?-Humulene. In addition, it can be observed by gas chromatography/olfactometry (GC/O) that the major compounds, of higher concentrations, do not present the highest aromatic intensities, except for the ?-Pineno compound that presented high concentration and aromatic intensity. The methodology applied to fractional distillation of the A.satureioides oil showed potential in the development of essential oil fractioning processes, since a high purity (99.10%) was obtained in the ?-Pinene fraction. / Os ?leos essenciais apresentam grande import?ncia econ?mica para diversos setores da ind?stria mundial em fun??o da variada gama de propriedades e por serem uma alternativa frente ?s subst?ncias sint?ticas existentes no mercado. Uma forma de obten??o desses ?leos essenciais ? atrav?s da t?cnica de extra??o por arraste a vapor; processo amplamente utilizado devido ? simplicidade e baixo custo. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram obter o ?leo essencial da esp?cie Achyrocline satureioides por extra??o por arraste a vapor em diferentes condi??es de opera??o, visando modelar matematicamente esse processo, obter os compostos vol?teis presentes no ?leo essencial pela t?cnica de microextra??o em fase s?lida (SPME), analisar o ?leo e os compostos vol?teis obtidos por m?todos cromatogr?ficos/olfatom?tricos e realizar um estudo te?rico de separa??o dos compostos majorit?rios do ?leo essencial pela t?cnica de destila??o fracionada em batelada. Os resultados obtidos demostraram que o modelo matem?tico, baseado no balan?o de massa unidimensional nas fases fluido e s?lido para representar a extra??o de ?leos essenciais em uma unidade de arraste a vapor em escala piloto, ajustou-se bem aos dados experimentais. Os compostos majorit?rios obtidos por cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massa (CG/EM) foram E-Cariofileno, ?-Pineno, ?-Copaeno e ?-Humuleno. Al?m disso, pode-se notar pela cromatografia gasosa/olfatometria (CG/O) que os compostos majorit?rios, de maiores concentra??es, n?o apresentam as maiores intensidades arom?ticas, com exce??o do composto ?-Pineno que apresentou alta concentra??o e intensidade arom?tica. A metodologia aplicada ? destila??o fracionada do ?leo de A.satureioides demonstrou potencial no desenvolvimento de processos de fracionamento de ?leos essenciais, j? que foi obtida uma alta pureza (99,10%) na fra??o de ?-Pineno.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/7403 |
| Date | 27 March 2017 |
| Creators | Pires, Vin?cius Pereira |
| Contributors | Vargas, Rubem M?rio Figueir?, Cassel, Eduardo |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Engenharia e Tecnologia de Materiais, PUCRS, Brasil, Faculdade de Engenharia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | -7432719344215120122, 600, 600, 600, 600, -655770572761439785, 4518971056484826825, 2075167498588264571 |
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