Across the country, there is growing awareness of the dividends of early reading success
and the stark consequences of early reading failure. A number of assessment studies in
recent years have shown that the educational achievement of learners in South African
schools is unacceptably poor. The 2011 Annual National Assessment results indicate a
35% literacy rate for South African learners in Grade 3 and a 30% literacy rate for learners
in the North West Province of South Africa. According to Kanjee (2008), there is a growing
trend in South Africa towards the use of assessment to improve learning.
The aim of this study is to develop a school-wide progress monitoring assessment system
for early literacy skills. In beginning literacy the development of this school-wide progress
monitoring assessment system will be based on the premise that useful assessment of
learner progress should be formative in its instructional effects and that it needs to focus
teacher attention on data representing the results of their efforts. The development of a
school-wide progress monitoring assessment system can help identify and strategically
intervene before learners become part of the low South African literacy rate statistic.
It is generally recognized that reading is developmental and acquired over time. From the
convergence of more than 30 years of scientific research, researchers now have a solid
scientific understanding of the core foundational skills in beginning reading. Foundational
skills are prerequisite and fundamental to later success in a content area or domain.
These skills differentiate successful from less successful readers and most important are
amenable to change through instruction. One example of a comprehensive assessment
system designed to assess these key foundational skills of early literacy for young
learners is the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS). DIBELS
measures, by design, are indicators of each of the Basic Early Literacy Skills.
In this study, the aim is to collaborate with subject specialists (district level), school
management teams (school level), and teachers (classroom level), in order to obtain an
in depth understanding of assessment practices in general, and specifically progress
monitoring assessment as well as the assessment support needs of teachers and
learners. The collaborative aim is to establish a school-wide progress monitoring
assessment system that will not only enhance the assessment practices of teachers, but also the system-wide decisions that need to take place so that effective instructional
decisions can be made at all levels, and most importantly at the classroom level.
In this study I chose to conduct a 16 month action research project in one primary school
(i.e., the Happy Valley School) in one specific district (i.e., the Cloudy District) in the
North West Province. From the data it is clear that ANA dominates conversations related
to assessment, especially in foundation phase. Both at district and school level there is
no clear indication that the information generated from assessments is key evidence to
continuous improvement in teaching and learning. The data also indicates that the
government documents play a crucial role in guiding the actions of the stakeholders. The
data indicates that progress monitoring relates specifically to “showing” or “proving”
improved learning in language/literacy as measured by ANA. In addition to ANA, and at
classroom level, teachers monitor progress fairly “randomly”; they can decide what to
‘look’ for, usually by using their summative assessment marks, when deciding whether a
learner is making progress or not. It is possible, therefore, that no two teachers will look
at the same foundational literacy skill when deciding whether the learner is making
progress in a particular skill. There is also no guideline for teachers in terms of what to
aim for in order to ensure that learners make progress in core foundational literacy skills
that evidence-based research has shown to have a major effect on reading achievement.
In this study, I used a metaphor to illustrate the core components of a progress monitoring
assessment and support rocket system. The aim of the rocket is to ensure that all learners
achieve “lift off” and hit the identified targets, at all grade levels, on the way to reading
success. In order to ensure that the rocket is launched effectively, all stakeholders have
to fulfil essential tasks or roles. The assessment and support rocket system implemented
in this study was developed to provide a prevention-oriented, assessment and support
decision-making system to pre-empt early reading difficulty and ensure progress step-bystep
toward outcomes that result in reading achievement for all children. / PhD (Curriculum Development Innovation and Evaluation), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:NWUBOLOKA1/oai:dspace.nwu.ac.za:10394/10699 |
| Date | January 2014 |
| Creators | Adam, Aninda |
| Source Sets | North-West University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
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