The aim of this PhD dissertation is to study and reveal the impact of public transports' improvements on the configuration of the crime on a big city like Bogota. First, this research focuses on a calculation of the number of reachable jobs of bogotanians. The effective size of labor market is computed in order to establish if inhabitants have the same degree of accessibility to jobs with respect to their socio-economic situation and with respect to the presence of enhancements of public transports in zones where they live. The presence of improvements of public transports is defined by the presence of Transmilenio system in each zone of the city. Following the same intuition, this research also study, in a second time, the possible endogeneity of the presence of Transmilenio (TM) on the concentration of jobs and on the income of inhabitants of each zone. More precisely, the aim of this analysis is to determine if improvements of public transports may have a causal relation on the localization of jobs and the concentration of highest incomes in the city. The objective of this investigation is to establish that high incomes, jobs centers may be localized, in a big proportion, because of the presence of TM. Following the hypothesis suggested on several studies regarding the fact that criminals prefer to commit their crimes in zones with high density of jobs and in zones with highest incomes (regardless housing zones or job centers), this dissertation follow, in a thirdly, with an ex-ante and ex-post study of the evolution of cNme with respect to the opening of Transmilenio in each zone. The goal ofthis analysis is to establish a causal relation of enhancements of public transports on the evolution of five different types of crimes in each zone. Because of the weakness of available data, results are unfortunately not conclusive but give us an appropriate approximation of the impact that Transmilenio system may have on crime configuration. These results lead to make, on a final instance, a causal analysis for the year on which we have whole data. Results are conclusive: a causal relationship of Transmilenio on three of five types of crime object of this study is confirmed. ln addition, a spatial dependence on the concentration of crimes is also confirmed. It appears that, regardless the positive impacts that it could have, the presence of Transmilenio and hence, the enhancements of public transports in different zones of Bogota make raise sorne kinds of crimes. Even if this research presents sorne limitations that should be solved on future studies, the way how the issue is analyzed provides new perspectives for the comprehension of sorne negative consequences that can thwart positive objectives of urban transport policies. We believe that this PhD dissertation contributes to complement the studies about the effect of urban transports.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CCSD/oai:tel.archives-ouvertes.fr:tel-00984305 |
| Date | 10 January 2014 |
| Creators | Olarte bacares, Carlos augusto |
| Publisher | Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I |
| Source Sets | CCSD theses-EN-ligne, France |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | PhD thesis |
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