Researchers and practitioners have been particularly interested in athlete's use of imagery during practice and competition over the last 25 years (Hall, Rodgers, & Barr, 1990; MacIntyre & Moran, 2007a). A key limitation of imagery use research has been an over-reliance on measures involving questionnaires and interviews (Eccles, 2012). Imagery researchers have recommended verbal report methods in relation to a specific sport task alongside the use of traditional questionnaires, in order to gain a better understanding of imagery use (Morris, Spittle, & Watt, 2005). The current study involved general imagery use measures (i.e., Imagery Use Questionnaire items and the Sport Imagery Questionnaire-golf) and verbal report methods (i.e., directed probe and retrospective report measures) in relation to a golf putting task. The first research question was concerned with the degree to which traditional questionnaires predict reported use of imagery from verbal report methods. The second research question was concerned with three areas of imagery use by differently skilled golfers: (a) imagery extent, (b) imagery direction, and (c) imagery function. The third research question examined how imagery use (i.e., extent and direction) is related to task difficulty. In the present study, unskilled golfers (n = 25) and skilled golfers (n = 25) completed three phases, where the aim was to measure imagery use in each phase using a different method: (a) a general imagery use phase, (b) a directed imagery use probe phase, and (c) an immediate retrospective report of recalled thoughts phase. All participants attempted to hole out 3ft (91.4 cm) and 6 ft (182.9 cm) golf putts on an artificial green during the directed probe and retrospective report phases. Imagery Use Questionnaire (IUQ) items used in the general report phase were predictive of imagery extent as measured by both directed probe and retrospective report measures. The Sport Imagery Questionnaire-golf (SIQ-golf, i.e., general report phase) had little predicative ability for imagery function as measured by directed probe. Skilled golfers used more imagery extent than unskilled golfers, regardless of measure used. Both unskilled and skilled golfers used more facilitative imagery than debilitative imagery as measured by directed probe. Both unskilled and skilled golfers used similar amounts of imagery and facilitative imagery for short and long putts. Debilitative imagery use increased from short to long putts for the unskilled golfers, but not the skilled golfers. / A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy. / Spring Semester 2013. / March 25, 2013. / Direction, Function, Golf, Imagery, Skill, Sport / Includes bibliographical references. / David W. Eccles, Professor Directing Dissertation; Gershon Tenenbaum, Professor Co-Directing Dissertation; James Whyte, IV, University Representative; Robert C. Eklund, Committee Member; Jeannine Turner, Committee Member.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:fsu.edu/oai:fsu.digital.flvc.org:fsu_183924 |
| Contributors | Vosgerichian, Daniel George (authoraut), Eccles, David W. (professor directing dissertation), Tenenbaum, Gershon (professor co-directing dissertation), Whyte, James (university representative), Eklund, Robert C. (committee member), Turner, Jeannine (committee member), Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems (degree granting department), Florida State University (degree granting institution) |
| Publisher | Florida State University, Florida State University |
| Source Sets | Florida State University |
| Language | English, English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, text |
| Format | 1 online resource, computer, application/pdf |
| Rights | This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). The copyright in theses and dissertations completed at Florida State University is held by the students who author them. |
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