Hydraulic fracturing has become a hot topic in Americas growing, domestic, oil and natural industry. This new technology has provided an economic way to extract resources from tight oil and gas shale formations found deep underground, but this new way of drilling does not come without environmental and human health effects. Among these health effects are water usage, water quality, and air quality. In this paper, data from Frac Focus.org was used to get the average amount of water used per well, and the average amount of chemicals, and what those chemicals are, for each well in the Haynesville Shale. An extensive literature review was used to get average air emission data from drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Data from the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources SONRIS was used to find average drilling statistics associated with Haynesville Shale wells and used to determine drilling and hydraulic fracturing efficiency. These parameters were then used estimate air emissions, water usage, and chemical use in the Haynesville Shale. It was found that on average an unconventional well in the Haynesville Shale used 6.5 million gallons of water. The top three chemicals used in fracking fluid were found to be: Hydrochloric Acid, Phenol, and Quaternary Ammonia Salts, used at an average concentration of 0.21%, 0.086%, and 0.02%, respectively. Air emissions from unconventional drilling processes were estimated for NOx, CO, VOC, PM, SOx, CO2, and CH4. Overall, the drilling process in the shale was found to emit the most amount of emissions, except for CH4 where fracturing emitted the most. Lastly, using the drilling parameters and water use calculations, evidence was shown that learning by doing was taking play in the Haynesville Shale and that efficiency, in some aspects of the well development activities, was being achieved.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LSU/oai:etd.lsu.edu:etd-03172014-105946 |
| Date | 02 April 2014 |
| Creators | Jackson, Emily Celeste |
| Contributors | Dismukes, David, Portier, Ralph, Reams, Margaret |
| Publisher | LSU |
| Source Sets | Louisiana State University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-03172014-105946/ |
| Rights | restricted, I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached herein a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee. I hereby grant to LSU or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below and in appropriate University policies, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. |
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