nÃo hà / HortaliÃas minimamente processadas (HMP) normalmente consistem de hortaliÃas frescas, cruas, lavadas, descascadas, cortadas, sanitizadas, centrifugadas, empacotadas e acondicionadas sob refrigeraÃÃo. HortaliÃas sÃo potenciais veÃculos de microrganismos que podem estar associadas à doenÃas transmitidas por alimentos. InÃmeras sÃo as causas para a presenÃa de elevada carga microbiana nesse tipo de produto, entre as quais estÃo: as tÃcnicas de cultivo, armazenamento, transporte e distribuiÃÃo para consumo, a
prÃtica do uso de adubo orgÃnico, a utilizaÃÃo de Ãgua contaminada para rrigaÃÃo, o transporte realizado em engradados abertos e as condiÃÃes de higiene no manuseio e preparo de refeiÃÃes, principalmente quando tais alimentos sÃo consumidos crus. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a presenÃa de Enzimas Betalactamases de Espectro Expandido (ESBL) em cepas de Enterobacteriaceae isoladas de HMP comercializadas na cidade de Fortaleza e verificar se as hortaliÃas analisadas a atendem a RDC NÂ 12 de
02 de janeiro de 2001, que rege o padrÃo microbiolÃgico dos alimentos no Brasil. Foram coletadas 80 amostras de HMP comercializadas em Fortaleza. As hortaliÃas estudadas foram: 8 amostras de acelga; 10 alface; 8 tomate cereja; 8 repolho roxo, repolho verde; 10 cenoura e vagem; 8 cenoura ralada; 10 cenoura ralada, repolho verde e repolho roxo; 10 saladas; 8 coentro, cebola e salsa picados. As anÃlises foram realizadas de abril de 2006 a maio de 2007. As contagens de microrganismos aerÃbios mesÃfilos variaram de 5,60 a 13,35 log UFC/ g de HMP. As contagens de bolores e leveduras variaram de 5,54 a 9,88 log UFC/ g de HMP. A contagem de coliformes totais e coliformes a 45ÂC foram bastante elevadas. O principal bolor isolado e identificado foi o enicillium spp. Todas as amostras de acelga, cenoura ralada, cenoura e vagem, cenoura ralada, repolho roxo e repolho verde, coentro e salsa picados encontravam-se
imprÃprias para o consumo, pois apresentaram quantidades superiores a 100 coliformesa 45ÂC/g de amostra. Das amostras de alface 50% apresentavam contagem decoliformes a 45ÂC acima do permitido peÃa legislaÃÃo. Dos tomates cereja analisados 75% estavam dentro padrÃes microbiolÃgicos exigidos pela legislaÃÃo brasileira, para coliforme a 45ÂC. Das amostras de repolho roxo, repolho verde 87% estavam com contagem de coliformes acima do permitido. Das amostras de salada 80% estavam fora dos padrÃes. NÃo foram detectadas Salmonellas nas amostras de HMP analisadas. As principais cepas de Enterobacteriaceae isoladas foram E. coli, K. pneumoniae e E. aerogenes. Todas as cepas de K. pneumoniae e E. aerogenes foram resistentes à ampicilina. Foram detectadas cepas de E. coli, K pneumoniae e E aerogenes com multiresistÃncia aos antibiÃticos testados. NÃo foi observada resistÃncia a ciprofloxacina, ceftazidima e imipenem. NÃo foram detectadas amostras de enterobactÃrias produtoras de ESBL. NÃo foram identificadas cepas de E. coli O15:H7 entre as cepas de E. coli isoladas de HMP. As condiÃÃes higiÃnico-sanitÃrias desses produtos podem ser melhoradas com a aplicaÃÃo de Boas PrÃticas em toda a cadeia produtiva. / Minimally processed vegetables (MPV) normally consist of fresh raw vegetables, washed, peeled, cut, disinfected, centrifugal dryed packed and kept under refrigeration. Vegetables are potential vehicle of microorganisms that can be associated to the outbreaks of foodborne. Countless are the causes for the presence high microbial load in that product type, among which are: the cultivation techniques, storage, transport and distribution for consumption, the practice of the use of organic fertilizer, the use of polluted water for irrigation, the transport accomplished in open crates and the hygiene conditions in the handling and preparation of meals, mainly when such foods are consumed raw. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of extendedspectrum
β-betalactamases (ESBL) in strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated of MPV marketed in the city of Fortaleza and to verify if the analyzed vegetables assists the Brazilian Food Sanitation Standard, RDC NÂ 12, 02 of january 2001. 80 samples of MPV were collected marketed in Fortaleza. Were collected vegetables studied: 8 samples beet; 10 lettuce; 8 of cherry-colored tomato; 8 purple cabbage, green cabbage; 10 carrot and green bean; 8 grated carrot; 10 grated carrot, green cabbage and purple cabbage; 10 salads; 8 cilantro, onion and parsley pricked. The analyses were accomplished of april from 2006 to may of 2007. The countings of mesophiles aerobic, varied from 5,60 to 13,35 log UFC / g of MPV. The countings of moulds and yeasts, varied from 5,54 to 9,88 log UFC / g MPV. The counting of total coliforms and fecal coliforms were quite high. The main isolated and identified mold was the Penicillium spp. All of the beet samples, grated carrot, carrot and green bean, grated carrot, purple cabbage and green cabbage, cilantro and parsley pricked met inappropriate for the consumption, because they presented amounts superior of 100 fecal coliforms / g samples. Of the samples of lettuce 50% they presented fecal coliforms counting above legislation. Of the tomatoes cherry analyzed 75% were inside patterns of the Brazilian legislation, for fecal coliforms. Of the samples of purple cabbage, green cabbage 87% were with fecal coliforms counting above. Of the samples of salad 80% were out of the patterns. Salmonellas were not detected in the samples of MPV analyzed. The main isolated Enterobacteriaceae were E. coli, K. pneumoniae and E. aerogenes. All of the strains of K. pneumoniae and E. aerogenes were resistant to the ampicillin. Strains of E. coli, K pneumoniae and E. aerogenes with multidrug resistance were detected. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and imipenem was not observed. Enterobacteriaceae samples producing of ESBL were not detected. Were not identified strains of E. coli O15:H7 among the strains of E. coli isolated of MPV. The hygienicsanitary conditions of those products can be improved with the application of Good Practices in the whole productive chain.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:www.teses.ufc.br:1389 |
| Date | 24 August 2007 |
| Creators | Francisco AfrÃnio Cunha |
| Contributors | Everardo Albuquerque Menezes, Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco, Benedito de Brito Cardoso, Patricia Maria Pontes Thà |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do CearÃ, Programa de PÃs-GraduaÃÃo em CiÃncia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, UFC, BR |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFC, instname:Universidade Federal do Ceará, instacron:UFC |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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