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Previous issue date: 2012 / Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a estrutura da comunidade arb?rea, diversidade, riqueza, as fun??es ecol?gicas das esp?cies, a influ?ncia das vari?veis ambientais, espaciais e os padr?es funcionais das esp?cies na distribui??o da vegeta??o em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Decidual. O estudo foi conduzido em ?reas de reserva legal de propriedades particulares no munic?pio de Presidente Juscelino (MG), nas coordenadas 18?38?40?S e 44?04?57?W, com altitudes variando entre 600 e 890 m. O remanescente possui aproximadamente 150 ha, com relevo c?ncavo e declividades acentuadas. Foram observadas por??es ?reas com alto grau de dist?rbios antr?picos. H? evid?ncias de corte raso em uma faixa de vegeta??o, assim como de corte seletivo de algumas esp?cies de interesse comercial. Destaca-se tamb?m a exist?ncia de dist?rbios como, a alta compacta??o do solo gerada pela entrada de gado em algumas parcelas, clareiras naturais e antr?picas; solo exposto e trilhas ao longo do fragmento. Para o invent?rio florestal foram alocadas 25 parcelas permanentes de 20 ? 20 m (400 m?), totalizando ?rea amostral de 1 hectare. Nestas foram amostrados todos os indiv?duos arb?reos com circunfer?ncia ? altura do peito (CAP) > 15,7 cm, exceto lianas e indiv?duos mortos. As esp?cies amostradas foram classificadas em cinco sistemas de guildas (grupo ecol?gico, dispers?o, poliniza??o, toler?ncia ? desseca??o e densidade da madeira), a fim de formar grupos funcionais. Para a avalia??o das rela??es entre as vari?veis ambientais e a distribui??o do compartimento arb?reo, foram coletadas aleatoriamente no interior de cada parcela cinco amostras simples do solo superficial (0?20 cm), com cerca de 500 g de solo. Al?m do solo foram coletadas vari?veis de relevo, dossel e matriz de impacto (natural e antr?pico). Estas foram submetidas a uma An?lise dos Componentes Principais (PCA), onde apenas cinco das 28 vari?veis iniciais apresentaram alta correla??o: Calc?rio (Ca); Pot?ssio (k); Argila; rocha exposta e mat?ria org?nica. Tr?s das cinco esp?cies de maior valor de import?ncia apresentaram distribui??es diam?tricas relacionados com efeitos de resposta p?s-dist?rbio e a caracter?sticas da pr?pria esp?cie. Foi verificado um alto valor de H?, o que indica uma ?rea com diversidade relativamente alta e um baixo valor para J? e uma forte domin?ncia ecol?gica de esp?cies. Os resultados da an?lise de parti??o da vari?ncia a partir dos modelos de regress?o m?ltipla feita para cada eixo da an?lise NMDS mostraram que a distribui??o da vegeta??o est? altamente correlacionada com a estrutura espacial e ? influenciada em parte pelas vari?veis ambientais argila e mat?ria org?nica. A an?lise de classifica??o Twinspan definiu quatro grupos distintos entre as esp?cies avaliadas os quais se diferenciaram em rela??o ?s suas fun??es ecol?gicas. A compara??o da participa??o dos grupos de ordena??o da NMDS em rela??o aos grupos funcionais de classifica??o Twinspan, mostrou que a ?rea estudada apresenta um padr?o funcional dominado por esp?cies pioneiras a secund?rias iniciais, com dispers?o anemoc?rica e germina??o ortodoxa. O fragmento estudado encontra-se em um est?dio inicial de sucess?o secund?ria, onde as diferentes estrat?gias ecol?gicas das esp?cies ocuparam posi??es distintas ao longo do fragmento, apresentando tend?ncias adaptativas das esp?cies as condi??es do ambiente. Os resultados refor?am a hip?tese da grande import?ncia de conserva??o deste fragmento de Floresta Estacional Decidual. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT This study aimed to know the structure of the tree community, diversity, richness, the ecological functions of species, the influence of environmental variables, spatial and functional patterns of the species in the vegetation distribution in a fragment of Deciduous Forest. The study was conducted in areas of legal reserve of private properties in the municipality of President Juscelino (MG), at coordinates 18 ? 38'40 "S and 44 ? 04'57" W, with altitudes ranging between 600 and 890 m. The remainder has approximately 150 ha, with concave topography and steep slopes. Portions were observed areas with a high degree of human disturbance. There is evidence of clear-cutting in a strip of vegetation, as well as selective logging of some species of commercial interest. Also noteworthy is the existence of disorders such as high soil compaction caused by the entry of cattle in some parts, natural and anthropogenic clearings, exposed soil and trails along the fragment. For the forest inventory were allocated 25 permanent plots of 20 ? 20 m (400 m?), a total sample area of ??1 hectare. These were all sampled trees with circumference at breast height (CAP)> 15.7 cm, except lianas and dead individuals. The sampled species were classified into five systems guilds (ecological group, dispersion, pollination, desiccation tolerance and density of the timber) to form functional groups. To assess the relationships between environmental variables and distribution of tree compartment were collected randomly within each plot five single samples of surface soil (0-20 cm), with about 500 g of soil. Apart from the soil were collected relevant variables, canopy and impact matrix (natural and man-made). These were submitted to a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), where only five of the 28 initial variables were highly correlated: Limestone (Ca), Potassium (k), Clay, exposed rock and organic matter. Three of the five species of greatest importance value showed diameter distributions related to effects of disorder and post-response characteristics of the species itself. There was a high value H ', which indicates an area with relatively high diversity and a low value for J' and a strong predominance ecological species. The results of analysis of variance partitioning from the multiple regression models made for each shaft NMDS analysis showed that the distribution of vegetation is highly correlated with the spatial structure and is partly influenced by environmental clay and organic matter. The classification analysis Twinspan identified four distinct groups among the studied species which differ in relation to their ecological functions. The comparison of the participation of groups of NMDS ordination in relation to the functional group classification Twinspan showed that the study area presents a functional pattern dominated by pioneer species to early secondary, with orthodox anemochoric and germination. The fragment is studied in an early stage of secondary succession, where the different ecological strategies species occupied different positions along the fragment, present trends adaptive species environmental conditions. The results reinforce the hypothesis of the importance of conservation of this fragment Deciduous Forest.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui:1/482 |
| Date | 15 February 2012 |
| Creators | Oliveira, Ana Carolina Ceron |
| Contributors | Machado, Evandro Luiz Mendon?a, Rodal, Maria de Jesus Nogueira, Gonzaga, Anne Priscila Dias, Pereira, Israel Marinho, Oliveira, M?rcio Leles Romarco de, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Machado, Evandro Luiz Mendon?a |
| Publisher | UFVJM |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFVJM, instname:Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, instacron:UFVJM |
| Rights | A concess?o da licen?a deste item refere-se ao ? termo de autoriza??o impresso assinado pelo autor, assim como na licen?a Creative Commons, com as seguintes condi??es: Na qualidade de titular dos direitos de autor da publica??o, autorizo a Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri e o IBICT a disponibilizar por meio de seus reposit?rios, sem ressarcimento dos direitos autorais, de acordo com a Lei n? 9610/98, o texto integral da obra disponibilizada, conforme permiss?es assinaladas, para fins de leitura, impress?o e/ou download, a t?tulo de divulga??o da produ??o cient?fica brasileira, e preserva??o, a partir desta data., info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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