Return to search

Genetička divergentnost i kombinacione sposobnosti multigermnih oprašivača šećerne repe / Genetic diversity and combining abilities of multigerm sugar beet pollinators

<p>Poznavanje genetičke divergentnosti predstavlja osnovni preduslov uspe&scaron;nog oplemenjivačkog programa. Pored poznavanja genetičke divergentnosti, u proizvodnji hibrida &scaron;ećerne repe je od izuzetne važnosti i poznavanje kombinacionih sposobnosti oplemenjivačkog materijala. Svako ukr&scaron;tanje inbred linija nema uvek za posledicu pojavu heterozisa, pa je stoga neophodno ispitati op&scaron;te i posebne kombinacione sposobnosti onih linija koje se planiraju koristiti kao roditeljske komponente hibrida. U ovom istraživanju ispitivane su kombinacione sposobnosti multigermnih opra&scaron;ivača, razvijenih u okviru četiri različita oplemenjivačka programa: programa oplemenjivanja &scaron;ećerne repe Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, i tri programa oplemenjivanja &scaron;ećerne repe istraživačkih stanica Ministarstva poljoprivrede SAD (Michigan, Salinas i Fort Collins). Opra&scaron;ivači su se razlikovali u stepenu homozigotnosti u zavisnosti od prisustva gena autofertilnosti, odnosno autosterilnosti. Kao testeri kori&scaron;ćene su dve citoplazmatski sterilne linije Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad. Pored određivanja genetičke divergentnosti i kombinacionih sposobnosti cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrđivanje vrednosti kvantitativnih svojstava za najvažnija svojstva korena: masu korena, sadržaj &scaron;ećera, sadržaj suve materije, masu glave korena, obim korena, procenat iskori&scaron;ćenja, prinos kristalnog &scaron;ećera i na osnovu njih određivanje genetičke divergentnosti ispitivanih opra&scaron;ivača. Takođe na osnovu dobijenih vrednosti određen je efekat gena i način nasleđivanja za ispitivana kvantitativna svojstva.Opra&scaron;ivač FC220 se izdvojio kao potencijalno stabilan kombinator u<br />iii<br />obe godine istraživanja, beležeći pozitivne vrednosti op&scaron;tih kombinacionih sposobnosti za sva ispitivana svojstva. Sa druge strane opra&scaron;ivač EL53 je u obe godine istraživanja beležio negativne vrednosti op&scaron;tih kombinacionih sposobnosti za sva ispitivana svojstva. U pogledu načina nasleđivanja mase korena, obima korena i prinosa kristalnog &scaron;ećera superiornost su pokazali autofertilni polinatori u odnosu na populacije slobodne oplodnje. Veći stepen homozigotnosti i uniformnost F1 generacije doveli su do ispoljavanja efekta heterozisa kod hibridnih kombinacija gde su roditelji bili autofertilni polinatori. Na osnovu načina grupisanja multigermnih opra&scaron;ivača u zbirnom klasteru, potvrđena je negativna korelacija između mase korena i sadržaja &scaron;ećera. U okviru jedne grupe su se na&scaron;li opra&scaron;ivači sa velikom masom korena i nižim sadržajem &scaron;ećera, a u drugoj grupi sa malom masom korena i vi&scaron;im sadržajem &scaron;ećera. Analizom međusobnih odnosa multigermnih opra&scaron;ivača &scaron;ećerne repe pomoću SSR markera konstruisan je dendrogram u kome su opra&scaron;ivači podeljeni u četiri grupe, shodno centrima porekla iz kojih su dobijeni. Između genetičke udaljenosti određene pomoću podataka dobijenih SSR markerima i posebnih kombinacionih sposobnosti nisu ustanovljene korelacije.<br />Datum prihvatanja</p> / <p>Information about genetic diversity is basic requirement of every successful breeding program. Beside information about genetic diversity for development of sugar beet hybrids it is very important to know combining abilities of breeding material. Since not all crosses result with appearance of heterosis, it is necessary to test general and specific combining abilities of potential parental lines. In this research were used multigerm pollinators from four different breeding programs: sugar beet breeding program of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, and three programs from different breeding station of the US Department of Agriculture (Michigan, Salinas and Fort Collins). Pollinators differed in the degree of homozygosity, depending on the presence of genes for autofertility or sterility. Testers used in this work were two cytoplasmic sterile lines of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad. In addition to determining the genetic diversity and combining ability, objective of this study was to determine values of quantitative traits for sugar beet root traits: root weight, sugar content, dry matter content, root head weight, root circumference, extractable sugar content, crystal sugar yield and from them a genetic diversity of pollinators. Also on the basis of the obtained values it was determined gene effect and mode of inheritance of studied<br />vi<br />quantitative traits. Pollinator FC220 segregated as a potentially stable combiner, in both years, having positive values of general combining abilities for all traits. On the other hand pollinator EL53 in both years had negative values of general combining abilities for all traits. In terms of the mode of inheritance for root weight, root circumference and crystal sugar yield self-fertile pollinators showed superiority comparing to the population of open pollination. A higher level of homozygosity and uniformity of the F1 generation resulted in the expression of heterosis in hybrid combinations where the parents were self-fertile pollinators. Multigerm pollinators in aggregate cluster confirmed the negative correlation between root weight and sugar content. In one group were found pollinators with a large root mass and lower sugar content, while in the second group were pollinators with a small root mass and higher sugar content. Cluster analysis of multigerm sugar beet pollinators using SSR markers resulted in construction of dendrogram in which pollinators were divided into four groups, according to the centers of origin from which they were obtained. There was no correlation between genetic distance calculated from the data obtained by SSR markers and specific combining ability.</p>

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:uns.ac.rs/oai:CRISUNS:(BISIS)83714
Date27 February 2014
CreatorsĆurčić Živko
ContributorsBoćanski Jan, Dimitrijević Miodrag, Nagl Nevena
PublisherUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Novom Sadu, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture at Novi Sad
Source SetsUniversity of Novi Sad
LanguageSerbian
Detected LanguageUnknown
TypePhD thesis

Page generated in 0.003 seconds