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Haptoglobin, makroskopski i bakteriološki indikatori rizika po bezbednost mesa na klanici / Haptoglobin, macroscopic and bacterial indicators of the risk for meat safety at abattoir

<p style="text-align: justify; ">Glavni cilj ovog rada je bio da se razviju i optimizuju objektivni i merljivi&nbsp;indikatori biolo&scaron;kih rizika po bezbednost mesa trupova, kao i da se &ndash; na osnovu&nbsp;kvalitativne ocene rizika - objektivno sagledaju i uporede performanse glavnih strategija&nbsp;za upravljanje tim rizicima na klanicama za goveda i svinje.<br />Ispitan je potencijal haptoglobina goveda i svinja, podeljenih u grupe na osnovu&nbsp;njihove pred-istorije ili nalaza tokom inspekcije mesa, kao indikatora za njihovu rizičnu&nbsp;kategorizaciju pre klanja u pogledu prisustva patolo&scaron;kih lezija. Svaka životinja je bila&nbsp;podvrgnuta aktuelnoj zvaničnoj inspekciji mesa i određen je nivo haptoglobina u krvnom&nbsp;serumu. I u svinja i u goveda, srednje vrednosti koncentracije haptoglobina su bile&nbsp;značajno vi&scaron;e u grupama kod kojih su detektovane abnormalnosti u odnosu na grupe ovih&nbsp;životinja bez nađenih promena, ali takva korelacija nije utvrđena na nivou individualne<br />životinje. Studija je ukazala da određivanje srednjeg nivoa haptoglobina u grupa životinja&nbsp;namenjenih klanju može da služi kao dodatni, objektivni indikator op&scaron;te prihvatljivosti&nbsp;zdravstvenog statusa i/ili farme porekla životinja, u okviru analize informacija iz lanca&nbsp;hrane kao dela premortalne inspekcije. Ovo je važno zbog dono&scaron;enja odluke o&nbsp;sprovođenju pojednostavljene ili detaljnije postmortalne inspekcije određenih životinja ili&nbsp;grupa životinja na klanicama.&nbsp;U pogledu indikatora rizika od mikrobiolo&scaron;ke kontaminacije obrađenih goveđih&nbsp;trupova, ispitana je mogućnost kori&scaron;ćenja numeričke ocene vizuelne čistoće goveda pre&nbsp;klanja. Vizuelno je ocenjena čistoća kože goveda (na skali od 1 do 4), a zatim su na&nbsp;obrađenim trupovima određeni nivoi generičke mikrobiote i prisustvo Escherichia coli&nbsp;O157. Utvrđena je globalna korelacija između vizuelne čistoće kože i nivoa generičke&nbsp;mikrobiote na obrađenim trupovima, ali su se ti nivoi značajno razlikovali samo između&nbsp;trupova vrlo prljavih goveda (kategorija 4) i svih drugih manje prljavih ili čistih&nbsp;(kategorije 1, 2 i 3). U pogledu vizuelne čistoće goveda i prisustva Escherichia coli O157&nbsp;na obrađenim trupovima, jasna korelacija nije utvrđena. Potvrđena je opravdanost&nbsp;kori&scaron;ćenja sistema vizuelne ocene čistoće goveda i korisnost ove ocene kao jednog od&nbsp;indikatora nivoa rizika od mikrobiolo&scaron;ke kontaminacije obrađenih trupova u pogledu&nbsp;generičke mikrobiote.&nbsp;Takođe, ispitana je mogućnost kori&scaron;ćenja kvantitativnog odnosa između nivoa&nbsp;ulazne (na koži) i finalne (na obrađenim trupovima) mikrobiolo&scaron;ke kontaminacije kao&nbsp;potencijalnog indikatora za rizičnu kategorizaciju goveđih i svinjskih klanica u pogledu&nbsp;njihovih performansi u redukciji rizika od mikrobiolo&scaron;ke kontaminacije mesa. Na&nbsp;kožama i trupovima goveda i svinja su određeni nivoi generičke mikrobiote i prisustvo&nbsp;najznačajnijih patogena u lancu goveđeg (Escherichia coli O157) i svinjskog mesa&nbsp;(Salmonella). Rezultati su pokazali da je odnos statusa kože i obrađenog trupa u pogledu&nbsp;nivoa generičke mikrobiote precizniji i pouzdaniji u diferencijaciji performansi procesne&nbsp;higijene klanica, u poređenju sa zvaničnim aktuelnim kriterijumima procesne higijene&nbsp;navedenim u legislativi Evropske Unije. S druge strane, rezultati su ukazali da kori&scaron;ćenje&nbsp;prevalencije patogena kao parametra u karakterizaciji procesne higijene klanica nije&nbsp;korisno.&nbsp;Pored toga, upoređeni su potencijalni doprinosi glavnih dana&scaron;njih strategija u&nbsp;upravljanju biolo&scaron;kim rizicima za bezbednost mesa na klanicama za goveda i svinje -&nbsp;aktuelne inspekcije mesa i procesne higijene klanice - ukupnom osiguranju biolo&scaron;ke&nbsp;bezbednosti mesa. Kvalitativno su ocenjeni rizici po zdravlje ljudi od alimentarnih&nbsp;hazarda povezanih sa goveđim ili svinjskim mesom, koje je moguće kontrolisati jednom&nbsp;od ove dve strategije na klanicama. Poređenjem nivoa ocenjenih rizika, utvrđeno je da&nbsp;adekvatna procesna higijena danas značajno vi&scaron;e doprinosi ukupnoj biolo&scaron;koj&nbsp;bezbednosti mesa trupova goveda i svinja u odnosu na aktuelnu inspekciju mesa. Ipak, u&nbsp;globalnom sistemu bezbednosti mesa, obe navedene strategije moraju da imaju specifičnu&nbsp;ulogu, shodno oceni rizika od hazarda koje kontroli&scaron;u.&nbsp;Svekupno, ova studija je pružila naučnu osnovu za dalje unapređenje savremenog,&nbsp;longitudinalnog i integrisanog sistema biolo&scaron;ke bezbednosti goveđeg i svinjskog mesa,&nbsp;kao i za kori&scaron;ćenje nekih novih indikatora biolo&scaron;kih rizika u tom sistemu. Istovremeno,&nbsp;ukazala je i na potrebu i smer za dalja/dublja istraživanja za optimizaciju i&nbsp;implementacije tog modernog sistema i predloženih indikatora rizika u praksi.</p> / <p> The main aim of this work was to develop and optimize objective and measurable<br /> indicators of biological risks for the safety of carcass meat, and to - based on qualitative<br /> risk assessment - identify and objectively compare performances of the main risk<br /> management strategies in cattle and pig abattoirs.<br /> The potential of haptoglobin as an indicator of animal pre-slaughter risk<br /> classification regarding the presence of pathological lesions was investigated in cattle and<br /> pigs which were divided into groups, based on their pre-history or meat inspection<br /> findings. Each animal was subjected to the current official meat inspection and blood<br /> serum haptoglobin level determination. In both cattle and pigs, the mean haptoglobin<br /> concentrations were significantly higher in groups with abnormalities than in those<br /> without, but such a correlation was not been established at the level of individual animals.<br /> The study indicated that the mean haptoglobin level in groups of animals intended for<br /> slaughter can be used as an additional, objective indicator of general health status of<br /> animals and/or appropriateness of farm of their origin, when analysing the food chain<br /> information as a part of the ante-mortem inspection. This is important in deciding<br /> whether to perform simplified or detailed post-mortem inspection of certain animals or<br /> groups of animals at abattoirs.<br /> The numerical assessment of cattle cleanliness before slaughter was evaluated as a<br /> risk indicator of dressed beef carcasses&rsquo; microbial contamination. Cattle hide cleanliness<br /> was visually assessed (on a scale of 1 to 4) and levels of generic microbiota and<br /> occurrence of Escherichia coli O157 on dressed carcass were determined. A global<br /> correlation was found between the visual hide cleanliness and generic microbiota levels<br /> on dressed carcasses, but these levels significantly differed only between very dirty cattle<br /> (category 4) and all other less dirty or clean cattle (categories 1, 2 and 3). Regarding the<br /> visual cattle cleanliness and the presence of Escherichia coli O157 on dressed carcasses,<br /> a clear relationship was not determined. The validity of cattle cleanliness visual<br /> assessment system and usefulness of this as an indicator of risk of generic microbiota<br /> contamination of dressed carcasses was confirmed.<br /> Also, the quantitative relationship between the levels of incoming (hide/skin) and<br /> final (dressed carcasses) microbiological contamination was evaluated as an indicator for<br /> risk categorization of cattle and pig abattoirs in terms of their performances in reducing<br /> the risk of microbiological contamination of meat. Levels of generic microbiota and<br /> occurrence of the major pathogens in beef (Escherichia coli O157) and pork chain<br /> (Salmonella) were determined on hides/skins and dressed carcasses. The results showed<br /> that the ratio between generic microbiota levels on dressed carcasses and hides/skins is<br /> more precise and more reliable in the differentiation of process hygiene performances of<br /> abattoirs, compared to the official current process hygiene criteria laid down in the<br /> European Union legislation. On the other hand, the results indicated that the prevalence<br /> of pathogens is not useful as a parameter in the characterization of abattoir process<br /> hygiene.<br /> Additionally, potential contributions of the main current strategies in biological<br /> meat safety risk management in cattle and pig abattoirs - the current meat inspection and<br /> abattoir process hygiene - in ensuring the overall biological safety of meat were<br /> compared. Human health biological foodborne risks associated with beef or pork that can<br /> be controlled by one of the two strategies at abattoirs were qualitatively assessed.<br /> Comparing the levels of assessed risks, it was concluded that adequate process hygiene<br /> currently contributes significantly more to the overall biological safety of beef and pork<br /> VIII<br /> carcasses than current meat inspection. However, in the global meat safety assurance<br /> system, both of these strategies must have a specific role, according to the risk<br /> assessment of hazards which they individually control.<br /> Overall, this study has provided a scientific basis for the further development of<br /> contemporary, longitudinal and integrated risk management system for biological safety<br /> of beef and pork, as well as the use of some new indicators of biological risk in such a<br /> system. At the same time, it has indicated the needs and directions for further and more<br /> intensive research to optimize and implement that modern system and the proposed risk<br /> indicators in practice.</p>

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:uns.ac.rs/oai:CRISUNS:(BISIS)76953
Date10 November 2011
CreatorsBlagojević Bojan
ContributorsBunčić Sava, Boboš Stanko, Baltić Milan
PublisherUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Novom Sadu, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture at Novi Sad
Source SetsUniversity of Novi Sad
LanguageSerbian
Detected LanguageUnknown
TypePhD thesis
Formatapplication/pdf

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