Fang Yujing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-182). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Overview of the study --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Overview of Hypertension --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Overview of Obesity-Related Hypertension --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Body fat distribution --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Insulin resistance and Hyperinsulinaemia --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Sympathetic nervous system activity --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Genetics of Obesity --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.4.1 --- Brown adipose tissue (BAT) --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.4.2 --- Uncoupling protein --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.4.3 --- Uncoupling Protein 1 Gene --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.4.4 --- Association of the UCP1 Polymorphism and Weight Gain in Obesity --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4 --- Overview of Genetics of Hypertension --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- The Renin-Angiotensin System --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- Functions of Renin-Angiotensin System --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- The Renin-Angiotensin System and Hypertension --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Renin --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Angiotensinogen --- p.25 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) --- p.29 / Chapter 1.4.4.1 --- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene --- p.29 / Chapter 1.4.4.2 --- Association of the ACE I/D Polymorphism with Hypertension --- p.30 / Chapter 1.4.4.3 --- Association of the ACE I/D Polymorphism with Other disease --- p.32 / Chapter 1.4.5 --- The Angiotensin II Receptor --- p.35 / Chapter 1.4.5.1 --- Type 1 Angiotensin II Receptor --- p.35 / Chapter 1.4.5.2 --- The Type 1 Angiotensin Receptor Gene --- p.36 / Chapter 1.4.6 --- Dopamine --- p.39 / Chapter 1.4.6.1 --- Dopamine Receptors --- p.42 / Chapter 1.4.6.2 --- The Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene --- p.45 / Chapter 2 --- Aims --- p.47 / Chapter 3 --- Materials and methodology --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1 --- Patient recruitment protocol --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2 --- Subjects --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Classification of Hypertension --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Definition of Dyslipidaemia --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Classification of Diabetes Mellitus --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Definition of Obesity --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Exclusion Criteria --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3 --- Routine Assessment --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Blood Pressure --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Measurements of obesity --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Body mass index --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Waist to hip ratio --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Skin-Fold Thickness --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.2.4 --- Skinfold Percentage Fat --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Biochemical measurements --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Assays measuring biochemical factors from plasma --- p.57 / Chapter 3.3.3.1.1 --- Plasma electrolytes --- p.57 / Chapter 3.3.3.1.2 --- Plasma urate --- p.57 / Chapter 3.3.3.1.3 --- Plasma creatinine --- p.57 / Chapter 3.3.3.1.4 --- Fasting plasma glucose --- p.57 / Chapter 3.3.3.1.5 --- Fasting plasma cholesterol --- p.57 / Chapter 3.3.3.1.6 --- Fasting plasma triglyceride --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Assays measuring biochemical factors from urine --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.3.2.1 --- Urinary electrolytes --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.3.2.2 --- Urinary creatinine --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.3.2.3 --- Urinary albumin concentration --- p.58 / Chapter 3.4 --- Extraction of DNA from blood specimen --- p.59 / Chapter 3.5 --- Polymerase Chain Amplification protocols --- p.60 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Uncoupling protein 1 gene polymorphism --- p.60 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme insertion-deletion polymorphism --- p.62 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Angiotensin type 1 receptor gene A1166C polymorphism --- p.64 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Dopamine D2 receptor TaqI polymorphism --- p.66 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Dopamine D2 receptor TaqI polymorphism --- p.66 / Chapter 3.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.68 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Paired sample T test --- p.68 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Conditional Logistic Regression --- p.68 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Linkage analysis --- p.69 / Chapter 3.6.3.1 --- Allelic frequency and genotypic distribution --- p.69 / Chapter 3.6.3.2 --- Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium --- p.69 / Chapter 3.6.3.3 --- Parametric analysis --- p.71 / Chapter 3.6.3.4 --- Nonparametric analysis --- p.71 / Chapter 3.6.3.4.1 --- The affected sib pair (ASP) method --- p.74 / Chapter 3.6.3.4.2 --- The affected pedigree member (APM) method of linkage analysis --- p.76 / Chapter 3.6.3.4.3 --- Quantitative traits linkage analysis --- p.79 / Chapter 4 --- Results --- p.81 / Chapter 4.1 --- Description of the characteristics of in siblings --- p.81 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Siblings and sib-pairs --- p.81 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Demographic characteristics --- p.81 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Relationship to age and gender --- p.83 / Chapter 4.1.3.1 --- Hypertension versus age and gender --- p.83 / Chapter 4.1.3.2 --- Central obesity versus age and gender --- p.83 / Chapter 4.1.3.3 --- General obesity versus age and gender --- p.84 / Chapter 4.1.3.4 --- Hypertension-central obesity versus age and gender --- p.84 / Chapter 4.1.3.5 --- Hypertension- general obesity versus age and gender --- p.85 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Relationship to anthropometric indices --- p.85 / Chapter 4.1.4.1 --- Large proportion of obesity --- p.85 / Chapter 4.1.4.2 --- Hypertension versus anthropometric indices --- p.86 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- Relationship to biochemistry indices --- p.87 / Chapter 4.1.5.1 --- Large proportion of dyslipidaemia --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2 --- Association between disease traits and covariates in discordant sib pairs --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Association between blood pressure and covariates in discordant sib-pairs --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Association between general obesity and covariates in discordant sib-pairs --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Association between obesity related hypertension and covariates in combined discordant sib-pairs --- p.91 / Chapter 4.3 --- Description of the analysis of the polymorphisms of 4 genes which might be related to hypertension and obesity --- p.93 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- The uncoupling protein 1 gene --- p.93 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Comparison of A-G polymorphism in terms of hypertension or obesity --- p.94 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Comparison of A-G polymorphism in terms of HT and obesity --- p.97 / Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Comparison of characteristics among different genotypes --- p.99 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- The angiotensin-converting enzyme gene --- p.99 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Comparison of the ACE I/D polymorphism in terms of HT --- p.100 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Comparison of characteristics among different genotypes --- p.101 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- The angiotensin type 1 receptor gene --- p.104 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Comparison of the A T1R A1166C polymorphism in terms of HT --- p.104 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Comparison of characteristics among different genotypes --- p.105 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- The Dopamine D2 receptor gene --- p.105 / Chapter 4.3.4.1 --- Comparison of the DRD2 gene TaqI polymorphism in terms of HT --- p.106 / Chapter 4.3.4.2 --- Comparison of the DRD2 gene TaqI polymorphism in terms of general obesity or central obesity --- p.108 / Chapter 4.3.4.3 --- Comparison of the DRD2 gene TaqI polymorphism in terms of general obesity/central obesity and HT --- p.110 / Chapter 4.4 --- Sib pair linkage analysis --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Linkage between each gene and hypertension in our data --- p.114 / Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- Genetic linkage of the marker near the UCP1 gene locus to hypertension --- p.114 / Chapter 4.4.1.2 --- Genetic linkage of the angiotens in-converting enzyme gene locus to hypertension --- p.116 / Chapter 4.4.1.3 --- Genetic linkage of the angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor gene locus to hypertension --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4.1.4 --- Genetic linkage of the dopamine D2 receptor gene locus to hypertension --- p.118 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Linkage between each gene locus and obesity in Hong Kong hypertensive Chinese families --- p.120 / Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- Genetic linkage of the uncoupling protein 1 gene locus to obesity with hypertensive family history --- p.120 / Chapter 4.4.2.2 --- Genetic linkage of the angiotens in-converting enzyme gene locus to obesity with hypertensive family history --- p.123 / Chapter 4.4.2.3 --- Genetic linkage of the angiotensin type 1 receptor gene locus to obesity with hypertensive family history --- p.124 / Chapter 4.4.2.4 --- Genetic linkage of the dopamine D2 gene locus to obesity --- p.127 / Chapter 5 --- Discussion --- p.129 / Chapter 5.1 --- Age-related anomalies --- p.129 / Chapter 5.2 --- Gender-related anomalies --- p.129 / Chapter 5.3 --- Obesity- related hypertension --- p.130 / Chapter 5.4 --- Abnormal biochemical parameters in hypertension --- p.131 / Chapter 5.5 --- Genetic parameters involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension and obesity. --- p.132 / Chapter 5.6 --- The uncoupling protein gene --- p.132 / Chapter 5.6.1 --- Higher frequency in central obese males --- p.132 / Chapter 5.6.2 --- Linkage of systolic blood pressure with G allele --- p.134 / Chapter 5.6.3 --- Metabolic link --- p.135 / Chapter 5.7 --- The angiotensin-converting enzyme gene --- p.137 / Chapter 5.7.1 --- The ACE D allele and hypertension in previous studies --- p.137 / Chapter 5.7.2 --- Positive role of the ACE DD genotype found in our data --- p.139 / Chapter 5.8 --- Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene --- p.141 / Chapter 5.8.1 --- No linkage with HT --- p.141 / Chapter 5.9 --- Dopamine D2 gene --- p.143 / Chapter 5.9.1 --- Dopamine and obesity --- p.143 / Chapter 5.9.2 --- Linkage with obese and HT --- p.144 / Chapter 5.10 --- Summary of the study --- p.146 / Chapter 5.11 --- Possible further developments in this study --- p.146 / Chapter 6 --- References --- p.148
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_323620 |
| Date | January 2001 |
| Contributors | Fang, Yujing., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Medical Sciences. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xx, 182 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. |
| Coverage | Hong Kong |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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