In humans, various dietary and social factors led to the development of
increased brain sizes alongside large adipose tissue stores. Complex
reciprocal signaling mechanisms allow for a fine-tuned interaction between
the two organs to regulate energy homeostasis of the organism. As an
endocrine organ, adipose tissue secretes various hormones, cytokines, and
metabolites that signal energy availability to the central nervous system (CNS).
Vice versa, the CNS is a critical regulator of adipose tissue function through
neural networks that integrate information from the periphery and regulate
sympathetic nerve outflow. This review discusses the various reciprocal
signaling mechanisms in the CNS and adipose tissue to maintain organismal
energy homeostasis. We are focusing on the integration of afferent signals from
the periphery in neuronal populations of the mediobasal hypothalamus as well
as the efferent signals from the CNS to adipose tissue and its implications for
adipose tissue function. Furthermore, we are discussing central mechanisms
that fine-tune the immune system in adipose tissue depots and contribute to
organ homeostasis. Elucidating this complex signaling network that integrates
peripheral signals to generate physiological outputs to maintain the optimal
energy balance of the organism is crucial for understanding the
pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:DRESDEN/oai:qucosa:de:qucosa:90673 |
| Date | 27 March 2024 |
| Creators | Puente-Ruiz, Stephanie C., Jais, Alexander |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| Source Sets | Hochschulschriftenserver (HSSS) der SLUB Dresden |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, doc-type:article, info:eu-repo/semantics/article, doc-type:Text |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 2296-634X, 10.3389/fcell.2022.979251 |
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