Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO. / World Health Organization / Revisión por pares
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:PERUUPC/oai:repositorioacademico.upc.edu.pe:10757/658416 |
| Date | 01 November 2021 |
| Creators | Lalwani, Pritesh, Araujo-Castillo, Roger V., Ganoza, Christian A., Salgado, Bárbara Batista, Pereira Filho, Ivanildo Vieira, da Silva, Danielle Severino Sena, de Morais, Thiago Barros do Nascimento, Jordão, Maele Ferreira, Ortiz, Jessica Vanina, Barbosa, Aguyda Rayany Cavalcante, Sobrinho, Wlademir Braga Salgado, Cordeiro, Isabelle Bezerra, de Souza Neto, Júlio Nino, de Assunção, Enedina Nogueira, da Costa, Cristiano Fernandes, de Souza, Pedro Elias, de Albuquerque, Bernardino Claudio, Astofi-Filho, Spartaco, Holanda, Aldina Iacy Paulain, Gomes, Ana Lúcia Silva, França, Ana Paula Souza de, Monteiro, André Victor Rabelo, Santos, Andressa dos Passos, Teixeira, Antônia de Sousa, Souza, Antônio Vinicius Soares de, Pinheiro, Beatriz, Santos, Bianca Pires dos, Farias, Brenda Pereira, Paulino, Bruno Nicolau, Silva, Caio Lúcio Andreola da, Oliveira, Cinthya Iamile Frithz Brandão de, Martins, Dalila de Alcântara, Oliveira, Eline Araújo de, Carvalho, Elisson Denny da Costa, Costa, Evillyn Fernandes Da, Simplicio, Fernanda Guilhon, Pereira, Fernanda Serrão, Sinimbu, Gabriele Pimentel, Cardenes, Genilton de Oliveira, Silva, Giane Alves da, Costa, Iago Sampaio Fernandes da, Correia, Ingrid Silva, Santos, Ilia Gilmara Carvalho dos, Guimarães, Jackeline Vieira, Pinheiro, Jessica Samile Batista, Romana, Juliana Correa, França, Josineide de Oliveira Novo, Pinto, Kerollen Runa, Freitas, Maria Fiamma Farias, Vasconcellos, Marne Carvalho de, Moraes, Marizete Candido, Damasceno, Matheus da Silva, Ruiz, Michelle Araújo, Lemos, Milena Maria Cardoso de, Picanço, Neila Soares, Maia, Rayara Gonzaga, Bezerra, Regiane Carneiro, Souza, Romeu Santos de, Harjani, Susy Cavalcante, Souza, Vitor Batista de, Melo, Wellington Barbosa de, Lalwani, Jaila Dias Borges |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| Source Sets | Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Repositorio Academico - UPC, The Lancet Global Health, 9, 11, e1508, e1516 |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess, Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
| Relation | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(21)00355-7/fulltext |
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