良好的自我調控能夠幫助人們適時的監控自己的行為且朝著目標邁進。過往相關研究主要將自我調控視作個人內在歷程，檢驗個體如何為了達成目標而調動自我控制資源，本研究提出「聯合調控」的概念，我們認為當作業結果重要性高且個體與他人之間具備聯結時，個體便會執行聯合調控，即個體會同時考量雙方可利用的資源，且為了達到作業最佳的結果而對本身的自控資源進行策略性調動。本研究利用兩個實驗檢驗聯合調控的概念，並討論兩種不同的個人與他人的聯結方式：關係聯結、結果聯結。實驗一的參與者與朋友成對參與實驗，為2（關係：朋友vs.陌生人）x 2（作業結果重要性:高vs.低）參與者間設計。實驗一結果發現，認為同組夥伴為朋友、且朋友有機會因為作業結果而獲得不錯的金額酬賞的參與者（高作業重要性），在即便其自控資源已因先前作業受到一定的程度的耗損的情況下，也明顯地較其他各組願意在複雜費力但得分較多的作業上計劃分配較多的時間，提高朋友獲得酬賞的機會。實驗二的參與者雖是個別進行施測，但被告知有另一位參與者的存在，為2（作業類型：個人目標vs.共同目標）x 2（作業結果重要性:高 vs. 低）參與者間設計。參與者被要求針對後續兩個作業進行時間分配，根據實驗提供的線索顯示，其中一個作業參與者較對方擅長而另一個作業則是對方較為擅長。實驗二的結果發現，當作業結果重要性高時，認為自己與他人有著共同目標的參與者，顯著地較其他組的參與者規劃較多的時間在自己相對擅長的作業上。總結而言，兩個實驗的結果皆支持聯合調控的運作，當作業的結果是重要的且個體與他人間存在著聯結時，個體不僅會與他人分享自己擁有的資源，且會為了達到最佳目標結果而調整本身對自控資源的運用策略。 / Successful self-regulation could help us control our behaviors and achieve our goals. Previous research primarily considered self-regulation as an intrapersonal process, and examined how individuals regulate their self-regulatory resources to perform or achieve their goal. In the present study we proposed that when the task outcome is important and connection with the other person is established, individuals will perform joint-regulation. That is, individuals would take self-regulatory resources from the both sides into consideration and regulate their own self-regulatory resources wisely to achieve the best outcome. To demonstrate our points, two types of connections were employed in this study, relationship and shared goal. In Experiment 1, participants came in pairs and were assigned to a 2 (relationship: friend vs. stranger) x 2 (task outcome importance: high vs. low) design. The participants who believed their friend had a chance of getting a decent amount of money (i.e., high task importance) would plan to spend more time on a more complex and tiring task to help his friend to win, even though themselves were exhausted from the previous self-regulatory task. In Experiment 2, participants were told that they were in the experiment with the other person and then assigned to 2 (task type: individual goal vs. shared goal) x 2 (task outcome importance: high vs. low) design. Participants were asked to distribute their remaining time on two sequent tasks, one they outperformed the other person and the other was outperformed by the other person. Results indicated that when the task outcome was important, participants in the shared task outcome condition would plan to spend significant more time on the task that they outperformed their partner than other conditions. In sum, the results gave support to the hypotheses, joint-regulation did occur. We found that when the task outcome is appealing and individuals have connection with the other person, they not only share their own self-regulatory resources but also modify their strategy accordingly to regulate these resources to achieve the best outcome.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G1007520141 |
| Creators | 彭妮妮, Peng, Ni-Ni |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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