The aim of this report was to investigate various chemical and enzymaticmethods/techniques of sulfation for polysaccharides. More specifically the focus wasmethods and techniques, both chemical and enzymatic, where the sulfation degree andpattern are controlled, the molecular weight of the polysaccharide is maintained. Lastly,we shine a light on how the bioactivity of polysaccharides can be modified withsulfation and the commons ways of analysis of the sulfation pattern and degree. Thiswas done by searching and reading research articles and journals with relevant keywords such as “Sulfated polysaccharides” and “glycosaminoglycan sulfation.” Theconclusion of this report is that complexes of SO3 with chemicals such astrimethylamine, pyridine or dimethylformamide (DMF) in polar aprotic solvents arepreferred to due to the maintenance of the polysaccharide backbone. More importantlyan 83% or 69% yield is achieved on high molecular weight hyaluronan with SO3-DMFand SO3-pyridine respectively. The degree of sulfation with these complexes wasreported to be 2.8 to 3.0 for the DMF complex and 1.0 to 1.5 for the pyridine complex.Regioselectivity can be achieved chemically using protecting groups such as benzoylfor the sulfation of positions C2 and C3. Another potential strategy is to de-sulfate theC6 position of highly sulfated hyaluronan to achieve high degree of sulfation on C2 andC3 positions. This can be achieved with silylating agents N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) or N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (BTSA). The use ofionic solvents or mixtures comprised polar aprotic solvents and ionic liquids haveshown efficacy as solvents for the dissolution of polysaccharides. Whether thesesolvents are viable substitutes for the current standard polar aprotic solvents remains tobe researched. As for the enzymatic methods of sulfation there is not much to say, thereare some enzymes such as sulfotransferases, human and squid cartilage chondroitinsulfate sulfotransferase that have potential in being used in industrial means of sulfationof polysaccharides. There is not enough available research on the scalability ofsulfotransferases for this purpose. A potential scalable enzymatic method is the totalbiosynthesis of sulfated polysaccharides in vitro.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:UPSALLA1/oai:DiVA.org:uu-531314 |
| Date | January 2024 |
| Creators | Claesdóttir, Klara, McCool Rzewuski, Corinne, Rosander, Arvid, Wasiuk, Oskar |
| Publisher | Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för materialvetenskap |
| Source Sets | DiVA Archive at Upsalla University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Student thesis, info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis, text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | MATVET-K ; 24001 |
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