Lee Kin-wah. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-203). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.vi / CHINESE ABSTRACT --- p.ix / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.xii / Chapter CHAPTER 1: --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Neuroblastoma-An Overview --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Epidemiology of Neuroblastoma --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Clinical Presentations of Neuroblastoma --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Diagnosis of Neuroblastoma --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Staging of Neuroblastoma --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Prognostic Considerations of Neuroblastoma --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.5.1 --- Age --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.5.2 --- Primary Tumor Site --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.5.3 --- Tumor Histopathology --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.5.4 --- Serum Markers --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.5.5 --- Genetic Markers --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.6 --- Standard Treatment Modalities for Neuroblastoma --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.6.1 --- Surgery --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.6.2 --- Chemotherapy --- p.12 / Chapter 1.1.6.3 --- Radiotherapy --- p.13 / Chapter 1.1.7 --- Differentiation of Neuroblastoma In Vivo and In Vitro --- p.14 / Chapter 1.1.8 --- Differentiation Therapy of Neuroblastoma --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2 --- Glycyrrhizin ´ؤ the Major Active Component of Licorice --- p.17 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Chemistry of Licorice --- p.17 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Metabolism of Glycyrrhizin --- p.21 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhizin and 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid --- p.22 / Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- Anti-inflammatory Effect --- p.22 / Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- Hepatoprotective Effect --- p.23 / Chapter 1.2.3.3 --- Anti-carcinogenic and Anti-tumor Effects --- p.25 / Chapter 1.2.3.4 --- Anti-viral Effect --- p.27 / Chapter 1.2.3.5 --- Immunomodulatory Effect --- p.29 / Chapter 1.2.3.6 --- Mineralocorticoid Effect --- p.30 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Pharmacokinetics of Glycyrrhizin and Glycyrrhetinic Acid --- p.32 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Health Hazards of Glycyrrhizin and Glycyrrhetinic Acid --- p.33 / Chapter 1.3 --- Aims and Scopes of This Study --- p.36 / Chapter CHAPTER 2: --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.39 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.39 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Cell Lines --- p.39 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- "Cell Culture Media, Buffers and Other Reagents" --- p.39 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Drugs and Chemicals --- p.43 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Reagents for 3H-Thymidine Incorporation Assay --- p.44 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Reagents for Neutral Red Assay --- p.45 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Reagents for Clonogenic Assay --- p.45 / Chapter 2.1.7 --- Reagents and Buffers for Immunocytochemistry --- p.46 / Chapter 2.1.8 --- Reagents for DNA Extraction --- p.48 / Chapter 2.1.9 --- Reagent for DNA Staining --- p.49 / Chapter 2.1.10 --- Reagents and Buffers for Flow Cytometry --- p.49 / Chapter 2.1.11 --- Reagents for Total RNA Isolation --- p.50 / Chapter 2.1.12 --- Reagents and Buffers for RT-PCR --- p.50 / Chapter 2.1.13 --- Reagents and Buffers for Gel Electrophoresis --- p.55 / Chapter 2.1.14 --- Reagents and Buffers for Western Blot Analysis --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.62 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Cell Culture Methodology --- p.62 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Determination of Cell Proliferation --- p.62 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Determination of Cell Viability by Trypan Blue Exclusion Test --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Limiting Dilution Assay --- p.65 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Clonogenic Assay --- p.65 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Measurement of Apoptosis by DNA Fragmentation Analysis --- p.66 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Assessment of Apoptosis by Hoechst 33342 Staining --- p.67 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- Cell Morphological Study --- p.67 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- Immunocytochemistry --- p.68 / Chapter 2.2.10 --- Flow Cytometric Analysis of Cell Cycle Profile --- p.69 / Chapter 2.2.11 --- Gene Expression Study --- p.70 / Chapter 2.2.12 --- Protein Expression Study --- p.73 / Chapter 2.2.13 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.76 / Chapter CHAPTER 3: --- ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS OF GLYCYRRHIZIN AND 18β-GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID ON NEUROBLASTOMA CELLS --- p.77 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2 --- Results --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Differential Anti-proliferative Effect of Glycyrrhizin and 18β- Glycyrrhetinic Acid on Various Neuroblastoma Cell Lines In Vitro --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Effect of 18P-Glycyrrhetinic Acid on the Clonogenicity of the Murine Neuroblastoma BU-1 Cells In Vitro --- p.91 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Kinetic and Reversibility Studies of the Anti-proliferative Effect of Glycyrrhizin and 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid on the Neuroblastoma BU-1 Cells --- p.93 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Cytotoxic Effect of Glycyrrhizin and 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid on the Neuroblastoma BU-1 Cells In Vitro --- p.100 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Inability of Glycyrrhizin and 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid to Induce DNA Fragmentation in the Neuroblastoma BU-1 Cells --- p.102 / Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.107 / Chapter CHAPTER 4: --- DIFFERENTIATION-INDUCING EFFECTS OF GLYCYRRHIZIN AND 18β-GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID ON NEUROBLASTOMA CELLS --- p.112 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.112 / Chapter 4.2 --- Results --- p.114 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Morphological Changes in Glycyrrhizin and 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid-treated Neuroblastoma BU-1 Cells --- p.114 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Immunocytochemistry of Glycyrrhizin and 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid-treated Neuroblastoma BU-1 Cells --- p.118 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Effect of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid on the Expression of Proto-oncogenes in Neuroblastoma BU-1 Cells --- p.124 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Effect of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid on the Expression of Differentiation-Related Genes in Neuroblastoma BU-1 Cells --- p.127 / Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion --- p.130 / Chapter CHAPTER 5: --- MECHANISTIC STUDIES ON THE ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE AND DIFFERENTIATION-INDUCING EFFECTS OF GLYCYRRHIZIN AND 18β-GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID --- p.136 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.136 / Chapter 5.2 --- Results --- p.139 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Effects of Glycyrrhizin and 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid on the Cell Cycle Kinetics of Neuroblastoma BU-1 Cells In Vitro --- p.139 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Modulatory Effects of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid on the Expression of Cell Cycle Regulatory Genes and Proteins --- p.145 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- "Combined Effects of Glycyrrhizin, 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid and All-Trans Retinoic Acid on the Proliferation of Neuroblastoma BU-1 Cells In Vitro" --- p.149 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- "Combined Effects of Glycyrrhizin, 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid and All-Trans Retinoic Acid on the Differentiation of Neuroblastoma BU-1 Cells In Vitro" --- p.153 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Modulatory Effect of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid on the Expression of PKC Isoforms in Neuroblastoma BU-1 Cells --- p.156 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- The Possible Involvement of Protein Kinase C in the Anti-proliferative and Differentiation-Inducing Effects of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid on the Neuroblastoma BU-1 Cells --- p.158 / Chapter 5.2.7 --- The Possible Involvement of Protein Kinase A in the Anti-proliferative and Differentiation-Inducing Effects of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid on the Neuroblastoma BU-1 Cells --- p.165 / Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion --- p.173 / Chapter CHAPTER 6: --- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES --- p.182 / REFERENCES --- p.187
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_324417 |
| Date | January 2003 |
| Contributors | Lee, Kin-wah., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Biochemistry. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xvi, 203 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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