<p>Zadatak ove doktorske disertacije bio je da se utvrdi tok i intenzitet lipolitičkih i oksidativnih promena u tradicionalnoj fermentisanoj kobasici (<em>Petrovačka kobasica</em>) tokom procesa razvoja tehnologije i standardizacije bezbednosti i kvaliteta ovog proizvoda, u cilju dobijanja bezbednog proizvoda, standardnog, vrhunskog kvaliteta, koji bi se kontinuirano mogao proizvoditi i plasirati, na naše i tržište Evropske Unije.<br />U cilju realizacije postavljenog zadatka tokom tri proizvodne sezone izrađeno je trinaest modela<em> Petrovačke kobasice</em> kako bi se ispitao uticaj više varijabilnih faktora (proizvodna sezona, vreme otkoštavanja, način pripreme nadeva, vrsta omotača, sušenje i zrenje u tradicionalnim i kontrolisanim uslovima, dodatak starter kulture, način pakovanja i dužina skladištenja) na kvantitativne promene na lipidima, kao i na tok i intenzitet lipolitičkih i oksidativnih promena, te posledično i na profil mirisa i ukusa, kao važne karakteristike senzornog kvaliteta. Kvantitativne promene na lipidima tokom procesa proizvodnje <em>Petrovačke kobasice</em> utvrđene su određivanjem više parametara, kao što su sadržaj ukupnih lipida, masnokiselinski sastav i sadržaj ukupnog holesterola. Lipolitičke promene tokom procesa dimljenja, fermentacije, sušenja, zrenja i skladištenja praćene su određivanjem sadržaja slobodnih masnih kiselina, dok su oksidativne promene kvantifikovane preko sadržaja sekundarnih produkata<br />oksidacije lipida, malondialdehida i zasićenih alifatičnih aldehida. Na osnovu prikazanih rezultata može se zaključiti da u kobasicama izrađenim od ohlađenog mesa u uslovima sušenja i zrenja na nižim temperaturama (prosečna temperatura oko 10 <sup>0</sup>C), koje<br />prati i sporiji pad vrednosti pH (60. dan pH≥5,3) dolazi do manjih lipolitičkih i oksidativnih promena na lipidima (kobasice B1 i B2 grupe). Ovaj model tradicionalne proizvodnje dovodi i do neznatnih oksidativnih promena i očuvanja poželjnih senzornih<br />svojstava mirisa i ukusa tokom dužeg vremena skladištenja (9 meseci od dana proizvodnje), te se može smatrati optimalnim modelom koji se mora preneti i u kontrolisane uslove proizvodnje. Takođe, zaključeno je da pakovanje u vakuumu i u modifikovanoj atmosferi, te upotreba komercijalne starter kulture, dovodi do smanjenja<br />intenziteta oksidativnih promena na lipidima, tokom skladištenja, odnosno celokupnog procesa proizvodnje<em> Petrovačke kobasice</em>. Dovodeći u vezu nastale produkte oksidacije<br />lipida sa senzornim profilom mirisa i ukusa može se zaključiti da vrednosti malondialdehida do 1,3 mg/kg ne utiču na značajnije narušavanje senzornih svojstava<br />mirisa i ukusa <em>Petrovačke kobasice</em>.</p> / <p>The aim of this PhD thesis was to determine the course and intensity of the lipolytic and oxidative changes in traditional fermented sausage (Petrovac sausage) throughout the process of technology development, as well as the standardization of safety and quality of this product in order to obtain safe product of standard, superior quality, which could be continuously produced and placed on the market of our country as well as the market of European Union.</p><p>In order to realize the aim, during three seasons of production thirteen models of Petrovac sausage were produced with the aim to investigate multiple variable factors (season of production, time of deboning, filling preparation method, type of casings, drying and ripening in traditional and controled conditions, starter culture addition, packaging and storage period) on lipid quality changes, as well as on the course and intensity of lipolytic and oxidative changes and, consequently, the odor and flavor profile as important characteristics of sensory quality.</p><p>Quality changes on lipids during production of Petrovac sausage were determined using multiple parameters, such as the content of total lipids, fatty acids composition and content of total cholesterol. The lipolytic changes throughout the process of smoking, fermentation, drying, ripening and storage were monitored through the content of free fatty acids, while the oxidative changes were quantified based on the content of secondary products of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde and saturated aliphatic aldehydes. Based on the presented results it could be concluded that in the sausages made of cooled meat in the conditions of drying and ripening in lower temperatures (average temperature about 10 0C), which are followed by the slower drop of pH values (60. day pH ≥5.3) comes to a lesser lipolytic and oxidative changes in lipids (sausages of B1 and B2 groups). This model of production results in<br />slight oxidative changes and the preservation of favourable sensory properties of odor and flavor during longer storage period (9 months since the date of production), so it could be considered as the optimal model, that should also be applied in the controled conditions of production.</p><p>It was also concluded that vacuum packaging and modified atmosphere packaging, as well as the usage of starter culture results in the decrease of intensity of oxidative changes on lipids throughout the entire production process of Petrovac sausage. Correlating the created products of lipid peroxidation with the sensory profile of odor and flavor, it could be concluded that the content of malondialdehyde up to 1.3<br />mg/kg has no significant effect on the deterioration of sensory properties of odor and flavor of Petrovac sausage.</p>
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:uns.ac.rs/oai:CRISUNS:(BISIS)85267 |
| Date | 27 December 2013 |
| Creators | Šojić Branislav |
| Contributors | Petrović Ljiljana, Džinić Natalija, Mandić Anamarija, Tomović Vladimir |
| Publisher | Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology at Novi Sad |
| Source Sets | University of Novi Sad |
| Language | Serbian |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | PhD thesis |
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