Lam, Ming Yiu. / "September 2011." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-169). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Thesis / Assessment Committee --- p.ii / Abstract (English) --- p.iii / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.vi / Acknowledgements --- p.viii / Table of contents --- p.x / List of figures --- p.xvi / List of tables --- p.xix / Abbreviations --- p.xx / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Cerebral stroke --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Epidemiology --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Risk factors and symptoms --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Non-modifiable risks --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Modifiable risks --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Symptoms --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- Mechanisms of cell injury --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Energy failure and loss of ionic homeostasis --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Excitotoxicity and calcium-modulated cell damage --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Oxidative stress --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Inflammation --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.5 --- Apoptosis --- p.18 / Chapter 1.5 --- Current treatment of ischemia --- p.19 / Chapter 1.6 --- Chinese herbal medicine --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Traditional Chinese medicine theory on stroke --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Danshen --- p.22 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Gegen --- p.25 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Danshen-Gegen formula --- p.28 / Chapter 1.7 --- Aim of study --- p.30 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- General methodology --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1 --- Induction of transient focal cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Intraluminal filament production --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Cerebral blood flow measurement by laser Doppler flowmetry --- p.33 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Middle cerebral artery occlusion --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2 --- Neurological scoring --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3 --- Brain infarction measurement by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining --- p.40 / Chapter 2.4 --- Statistical analyses --- p.42 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Preparation of herbal medicine --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1 --- Authentication of Chinese herbs --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Morphological authentication --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Chemical authentication using thin layer chromatography --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- Danshen --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1.2.2 --- Gegen --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2 --- Danshen-Gegen (DG) extract preparation --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3 --- Chemical analysis of DG extract --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- TLC --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- HPLC --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.57 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Protective effect of DG extract on cerebral ischemia --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Different models of ischemia --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Anti-oxidative enzymes in cerebral ischemia --- p.61 / Chapter 4.1.2.1 --- Superoxide dismutase (SOD) --- p.61 / Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- Catalase --- p.62 / Chapter 4.1.2.3 --- Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- "DG extract treatment, neurological deficit and brain infarction" --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Anti-oxidative enzymes activity determination --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Treatment with DG extract and induction of cerebral ischemia --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Extraction of enzymes from the brain --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- Determination of protein concentration --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.2.4 --- Assay kits --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.70 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.80 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Neurological score and percentage brain infarction --- p.80 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Anti-oxidative enzyme induction --- p.82 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Behavioral assessment using the shuttle box avoidance test on rats suffering from cerebral ischemia: effect of DG extract treatment --- p.86 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.86 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Behavioral tests --- p.86 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Theory of the test --- p.90 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.91 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- DG extract treatment --- p.91 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Shuttle box training and MCAO --- p.92 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Shuttle box testing --- p.96 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Neurological score and brain infarction --- p.96 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.97 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Shuttle box performance --- p.97 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Neurological score --- p.105 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Brain infarction --- p.109 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.112 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- The shuttle box protocol --- p.112 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Shuttle box performance --- p.114 / Chapter 5.4.2.1 --- Pretreatment groups --- p.114 / Chapter 5.4.2.2 --- Pre + post treatment groups --- p.115 / Chapter 5.4.2.3 --- Comparison of pretreatment and pre + post treatment groups --- p.116 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Neurological score --- p.117 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Brain infarction --- p.118 / Chapter 5.4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.119 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Anti-blood coagulation effect of DG extract --- p.121 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.121 / Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.125 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Treatment with DG extract and warfarin --- p.125 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Tail bleeding time and volume --- p.126 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Prothrombin time --- p.127 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Platelet aggregation --- p.127 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.128 / Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.138 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- General discussion --- p.141 / Chapter 7.1 --- General discussion and conclusion --- p.141 / Chapter 7.2 --- Clinical significance of the study --- p.145 / Chapter 7.3 --- Limitations of the study --- p.146 / Chapter 7.4 --- Future work --- p.147 / References --- p.149 / Publications --- p.170
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_327573 |
| Date | January 2011 |
| Contributors | Lam, Ming Yiu., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Chinese Medicine. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xxi, 170 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. |
| Coverage | China, China |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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