Increasing of human life comfort and safety requires development and application of new chemical substances, which, unfortunately, cannot be completely removed by WWTPs. Thus, these compounds, their metabolites and TPs formed during human/animals/bacteria metabolism, wastewater treatment and natural environmental processes are tend to contaminate all the environmental compartments. Appearance of advanced analytical instrumentation and techniques enable to perform research on emerging environment contaminants fate. This thesis was focused on application of high resolution mass spectrometer and new generation of triple quadrupole for analysis of the environmental pollutants. All studies were mainly devoted to such a group of contaminants as pharmaceuticals because of their high consumption, frequent occurrence in all environmental matrices and potential to cause adverse effects for non-targeted organism due to their biological activity. The first part of the thesis is related to method development for identification and quantification of metabolites in the different tissues of rainbow trout exposed to diltiazem. As a result, 17 diltiazem metabolites were tentatively identified by HRMS and spectral interpretation software. The complex metabolic pathway in metabolic phase I for diltiazem and tissue specific bioconcentration in fish were proposed in the study. The second part of the work is mainly focused on investigation of pharmaceuticals fate in the soil environment. The transformation of several pharmaceuticals, such as atenolol, metoprolol, carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and clindamycin in 13 different soils was studied under laboratory conditions. The parent compounds were analyzed in all studied soils and dissipation curves were plotted. Finally, 15 known and new metabolites were detected and identified. Moreover, identity of 6 of them was confirmed by available analytical standards. It was shown that almost the same metabolites profile was observed in all soils, but formed amount and degradation rate of all detected metabolites were soil type dependent. Several parent compounds and metabolites were shown to be persistent in the soils. Consequently, pharmaceuticals can be transported via ground water to plant. Further fate of pharmaceuticals must be studied as it can have adverse effect on crop consumers. The third part of the dissertation dealt with an important issue of pharmaceuticals transport between different aquatic environmental compartments. Water, sediments and fish from a pond affected with TWW from a local WWTP were analyzed within this project. 18 pharmaceuticals and 7 their metabolites were found in all studied matrices. Solid water distribution coefficients for sediments and bioaccumulation factors for fish liver were obtained in this study under real conditions. Seasonal variations in all studied parameters were investigated for one year period. This study help to extend a limited available information on fate of wide range of compound, especially metabolites in the aquatic environment affected by treated wastewater.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:nusl.cz/oai:invenio.nusl.cz:364453 |
| Date | January 2017 |
| Creators | KOBA, Olga |
| Source Sets | Czech ETDs |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
Page generated in 0.0016 seconds