Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The growth of the dairy production occurred from studies conducted with practical application in the farm. The aim of these studies was to evaluate the relationship of production systems with reproductive efficiency and milk quality of dairy cows in the central region of the RS/Brazil. In the first study, data from 150 holstein cows were investigated to detect the occurrence of postpartum disease within the first 45 days of lactation. Also, the effect of different production system levels highly specialized (n=50), specialized (n=50) and not specialized (n=50) and the pregnancy rate after the first artificial insemination (AI) were analyzed. Thirty-five percent (53/150) of females were diagnosed with postpartum disorders and 65% (97/150) remained healthy. At day 60 after AI, 41% (61/150) of the cows were pregnant. The occurrence of postpartum diseases decreased conception rate in the cows with post partum (P=0.0011) and only 30% (16/53) were pregnant at 60d. The pregnancy rate from all health cows was 46% (45/97). The two diseases with the highest incidence level were uterine infection (49%) and mastitis (30%).The combined conception rate of healthy cows from all systems was higher than those with postpartum disease (46.3% vs. 26.4%, P=0.0227). In all three systems, highly specialized, specialized, and not specialized, there was a correlation between sickness and the delay in conception (P=0.0018, P=0.0005 and P=0.0140), respectively. None of the production systems effectively reduced the occurrence of postpartum disease. These analyze of milk samples were collected from milk tanks (n=69) and from individual cows (n=3517) on highly specialized (HS, n=3), specialized (S, n=5) and not specialized (NS, n=7) production systems. Composition, somatic cell count (SCC) and urea nitrogen (UN) was analyzed in the different production systems, seasons and ranges allowed by the Federal Normative Instruction 51/2002 (IN51). Mean SCC of the tank samples was 604.900 cells mL-1. Only 42% (n=29/69) of the milk samples obtained from tanks reached the IN51 standard. Of these, 70% came from the HS (n=14/20), 39% from the S (n=9/23), 23% from NS (n=6/26) systems and 50% were obtained during fall (n =8/16). The mean individual milk sample SCC was 689.000 cells mL-1. Of these individual samples, 11% (n=375/3517) attended the IN51 standard. The same percentage (11%) of standard attendance was observed at each production system and 15% of these samples were obtained during the winter season (n=99/675). Fat, protein, total solids and SCC were similar between production systems. However, between individual samples there only was similarity on CCS. No difference was found on lactose, SCC and UN of tank samples between seasons. The average SCC on the S and HS production systems was less than on the NS one. SCC was above the IN51 limit during fall. There was an increase in UN (P<0.001) in the HS production system. In spring 48% of the individual samples and in summer 42% of the tank samples attended the UN standard. The individual analysis can be used to control and improve the milk quality. / O crescimento da bovinocultura de leite se deve as pesquisas realizadas com aplicação prática no campo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação dos sistemas de produção com a eficiência reprodutiva e a qualidade do leite dos rebanhos na região central do RS/Brasil. No primeiro estudo, os dados de 150 matrizes da raça holandesa foram analisados para verificar se os sistemas de produção empregados nas propriedades facilitam a ocorrência de doenças no pós-parto (até 45º dia de lactação), assim como o efeito do sistema especializado (n=50), semi-especializado (n=50) e não-especializado (n=50) de produção sobre a taxa de prenhez após a primeira inseminação artificial (IA). Os resultados revelaram menor taxa de prenhez nos animais doentes pós-parto e a ocorrência de doença pós-parto diminuiu a taxa de concepção (P=0,0011). A incidência de infecção uterina pós-parto (49%) foi superior à incidência de animais com mastite (30%). Todas as enfermidades contribuíram para atraso na concepção quando comparadas vacas sadias e com doenças pós-parto (P<0,001). Desta forma, nenhum dos sistemas de produção demonstrou ser um eficiente modelo de prevenção de doenças pós-parto. Concomitantemente realizou-se um estudo para verificar a qualidade do leite produzido em propriedades com diferentes sistemas de produção, estações do ano e padrões da Instrução Normativa 51/2002(IN51) do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Amostras de leite bovino de tanque (n=69) e individuais (n=3517) foram coletadas em propriedades classificadas por sistemas de produção: especializado (ES, n=3), semi-especializado (SE, n=5) e não-especializado (NE, n=7). Analisou-se a composição, contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e nitrogênio uréico (NU) do leite. Amostras de tanque padrão IN51 resultaram em 42% (n=29/69) no geral (média de CCS 604,9 mil células mL-1), 70% no ES (n=14/20), 39% no SE (n=9/23), 23% no sistema NE (n=6/26) e 50% no outono (n=8/16). No geral, 11% (n=375/3517) das amostras individuais (média de CCS 689,0 mil células mL-1), 15% no inverno (n=99/675) e 11% nos três sistemas de produção atenderam a IN51. Amostras de tanque apresentaram similaridade entre os sistemas nos parâmetros gordura, proteína, sólidos totais e CCS. Amostras individuais foram similares apenas na CCS. Lactose, CCS e NU nas amostras de tanque entre as estações do ano foram similares. A média de CCS no SE e ES foi inferior ao NE, no entanto no outono ultrapassou o limite da IN51. Houve aumento no NU (P<0,001) no ES. Na primavera, 48% das amostras individuais e no verão 42% dos tanques apresentaram NU entre 11-16 mg dL-1. As análises individuais podem ser utilizadas para controle e melhoria da qualidade do leite.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/10081 |
| Date | 17 August 2010 |
| Creators | Fraga, Denize da Rosa |
| Contributors | Rubin, Mara Iolanda Batistella, Gonzalez, Helenice de Lima, Beskow, Wagner Brod |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, UFSM, BR, Medicina Veterinária |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSM, instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, instacron:UFSM |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 500500000007, 400, 500, 300, 500, 300, 02a1a2f5-cf70-4065-ae1f-c6bba79e8848, 307bc314-51eb-4fce-ad1d-b50d7b7b255c, 5a593fe8-c75b-4956-baa7-087b68b9bef8, 91da8b32-3bdb-47a3-96e9-e854de0e9bfc |
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