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Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Introduction: The central peripheral insertion catheter (PICC) has been an imperative in the survival of smaller and smaller newborns, since it makes possible the administration of parenteral nutrition (NP) and concentrated solutions in deep access, through a border procedure Of the bed. Although there is a recommendation to use exclusive access for infusion of NP, in the perspective that its properties are preserved avoiding interaction with other intravenous (IV) solutions, this does not always occur in daily practice, due to the low availability of Neonatal double lumen catheters and also by the lack of knowledge in this area of knowledge. Thus, this study has as main objective to compare infection rates in infants hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) associated to the use of mono-lumen PICC in relation to the double lumen, the latter being an exclusive route for infusion Of NP. In addition, it intends to: compare the frequency of the isolated germs, the occurrence of other complications, the time of permanence of the PICC for the infusion of NP; To determine the frequency of the need for peripheral accesses (veno-punctures in addition to the PICC), and the type of complication associated with the use of a peripheral catheter in relation to PICC in newborns (NB) using the mono-lumen catheter To the double lumen.
Methodology: This was a randomized, comparative study with a NICU of a university hospital in the interior of the State of Rio Grande do Sul as the study scenario. Subjects of the study were NB interns who used PICC for infusion of NP and other IV infusions from July 2014 to May 2016. NBs from said NICU with NP prescription and indication of PICC insertion were included. NBs that at the time of insertion of the PICC were diagnosed with clinical or laboratory sepsis (ANVISA-2010 criteria) and / or hematological score> 3 were excluded; Those infants in whom the PICC was not centrally located; RN with permanence of umbilical catheter; Check-list of the PICC insertion procedure with a score lower than 10 and those in which the consent of the parents or guardians to participate in the study was not obtained. Continuous variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range, and the categorical variables were in absolute and relative frequency. Statistical tests were used: Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. For control of confounding factors, the Poisson Regression analysis was applied. All tests were considered bidirectional and the differences were considered significant with p <0.05. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) and registered at the REBEC clinical trial registration site.
Results: We included 156 RNs: 78 in the mono-lumen group and 78 in the double-lumen group. The RNs remained for about 8 days with parenteral nutrition (NP) and used the PICC for approximately 10 days in the groups. Almost half of the sample presented some complication, being the suspicion of infection more frequent. There was a significant predominance of disruption (p = 0.001) and a reduction in obstruction rate (0.008) in the mono-lumen catheter, when compared to double. In the double-lumen group, there was a significantly greater withdrawal of the catheter due to suspected infection only due to clinical worsening compared to the mono-lumen. The most frequent germ found in the cultures was Staphylococcus Epidermidis. Approximately 30% of the newborns presented clinical or laboratorial infection related to the catheter, presenting as clinical symptoms: hypoactivity or lethargy, followed by respiratory discomfort and hemodynamic instability. Even using PICC, many RNs required concomitant peripheral venous catheter (CVP), and this need is greater in the mono-lumen group. Approximately 75% of the sample that used CVP presented complications, being the edema, followed by the catheter obstruction the most frequent. The low weight, corrected gestational age at the time of catheter insertion and the need for the 2nd PICC were significantly associated with the proven infection.
Conclusion: It was concluded that there was no difference regarding the occurrence of infection with the use of a mono-lumen or double-lumen catheter in the neonatal period. These findings contradict the hypothesis that infection rates would be lower by infusing NP in an exclusive pathway. / Introdu??o: O cateter central de inser??o perif?rica (PICC) tem representado um imperativo na sobreviv?ncia de rec?m-nascidos cada vez menores, por tornar poss?vel a administra??o de nutri??o parenteral (NP) e solu??es concentradas em acesso profundo, por meio de um procedimento a beira do leito. Apesar de existir a recomenda??o de utiliza??o de acesso exclusivo para infus?o de NP, na perspectiva que as propriedades desta sejam preservadas evitando a intera??o com as demais solu??es intra-venosas (IV), isso nem sempre ocorre na pr?tica di?ria, devido a pouca disponibilidade de cateteres duplo l?men neonatais e tamb?m pelo desconhecimento nesta ?rea do conhecimento. Deste modo este estudo tem como objetivo principal comparar as taxas de infec??o em rec?m-nascidos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) associadas ao uso de PICC mono l?men, em rela??o ao duplo l?men, sendo este ?ltimo, uma via exclusiva para infus?o de NP. Al?m disso, pretende: comparar a frequ?ncia dos germes isolados, a ocorr?ncia de demais complica??es, o tempo de perman?ncia do PICC para a infus?o de NP; determinar a frequ?ncia da necessidade de acessos perif?ricos (veno-pun??es al?m do PICC), e o tipo de complica??o associada ao uso de cateter perif?rico, em rela??o ao PICC, nos rec?m-nascidos (RN) que utilizaram o cateter mono l?men, em rela??o ao duplo l?men.
Metodologia: Trata-se de um ensaio cl?nico randomizado, comparativo, tendo como cen?rio de estudo a UTIN de um hospital universit?rio do interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os RNs internados na UTIN que utilizaram PICC para infus?o de NP e demais infus?es IV no per?odo de julho de 2014 a maio de 2016. Foram inclu?dos os RN da referida UTIN com prescri??o de NP e indica??o da inser??o de PICC. Foram exclu?dos os RN que no momento da inser??o do PICC tinham diagn?stico de sepse cl?nica ou laboratorial (crit?rios da ANVISA-2010), e/ou escore hematol?gico > 3; os RN nos quais o PICC n?o estava em localiza??o central; RN com perman?ncia de cateter umbilical; check-list do procedimento de inser??o do PICC com pontua??o inferior a 10 e aqueles em que n?o se obteve o consentimento dos pais ou respons?veis para a participa??o no estudo. As vari?veis cont?nuas foram expressas como m?dia e desvio padr?o ou mediana e intervalo interquartil, e as categ?ricas em frequ?ncia absoluta e relativa. Foram utilizados os testes estat?sticos: teste t-Student, teste de Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado e teste exato de Fisher. Para controle de fatores confundidores, a an?lise de Regress?o de Poisson foi aplicada. Todos os testes foram considerados bidirecionais e as diferen?as foram consideradas significativas com p < 0,05. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisa (CEP) e registrado no site para registro de ensaios cl?nicos ? REBEC.
Resultados: Foram inclu?dos 156 RNs: 78 no grupo mono-l?men e 78 no duplo-l?men. Os RNs permaneceram cerca de 8 dias com nutri??o parenteral (NP) e utilizaram o PICC por aproximadamente 10 dias nos grupos. Quase metade da amostra apresentou alguma complica??o, sendo a suspeita de infec??o a mais frequente. Houve um predom?nio significativo de rompimento (p=0,001) e uma redu??o no ?ndice de obstru??o (0,008) no cateter mono-l?men, quando comparado ao duplo. No grupo duplo-l?men, houve uma retirada significativamente maior do cateter devido a suspeita de infec??o somente por piora cl?nica, em compara??o ao mono-l?men. O germe mais frequente encontrado nas culturas foi o Staphylococcus Epidermidis. Cerca de 30% dos RNs apresentaram infec??o cl?nica ou laboratorial relacionado ao cateter, apresentando como sintomas cl?nicos: hipoatividade ou letargia, seguido de desconforto respirat?rio e instabilidade hemodin?mica. Mesmo utilizando o PICC, muitos RNs necessitaram de cateter venoso perif?rico (CVP) concomitante, sendo essa necessidade maior no grupo mono-l?men. Aproximadamente 75% da amostra que utilizou CVP apresentou complica??es, sendo o edema, seguido da obstru??o do cateter as mais frequentes. O baixo peso, a idade gestacional corrigida no momento da inser??o do cateter e a necessidade do 2? PICC foram associados significativamente com a infec??o comprovada.
Conclus?o: Conclui-se que n?o houve diferen?a quanto a ocorr?ncia de infec??o com o uso de cateter mono-l?men ou duplo-l?men, no per?odo neonatal. Estes achados contrariam a hip?tese de que os ?ndices de infec??o seriam menores infundindo a NP em via exclusiva.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/7465 |
| Date | 03 March 2017 |
| Creators | Oliveira, Cristine Ruviaro de |
| Contributors | Fiori, Humberto Holmer |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Medicina/Pediatria e Sa?de da Crian?a, PUCRS, Brasil, Escola de Medicina |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 3098206005268432148, 600, 600, 600, 600, -224747486637135387, -969369452308786627, 2075167498588264571 |
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