本文旨在瞭解新聞工作者所遭遇的職業災害種類，以及發生職災的成因，並探討媒體組織在事前是否提供良好的安全衛生環境，最後檢視現行的職災法制能否有效達到事前預防與事後補償的效果。
研究結果發現，近年來的媒體不景氣，組織人事精簡帶來的高工時和高勞動強度，導致原本就有許多外在採訪風險的新聞工作者，心理壓力更是影響健康的一環。透過資料收集與訪談顯示，記者常見的外在職災包含「蓄意襲擊」、「意外傷害」、「通勤災害」、「天災」、「腕穴道症候群」及「椎間盤突出、脊椎側彎等攝影記者常見職災」等六種；而內在健康的損害包含「過勞（死）」、「精神官能症」、「類PTSD症候群」及「腫瘤、癌症」等四類。
而媒體組織大多缺乏事前預防的機制，包括外勤採訪時的安全裝備，或是事前安全訓練等均無，導致新聞工作者普遍缺乏安全意識，卻又在搶快、搶畫面的前提下，以肉身抵擋各種意外，造成各種嚴重的職災；而法規方面，事前安全衛生法規偏重工業環境安全，不適用於記者的工作環境，而發生職災後，則有法律上認定的困難，包括過勞死與精神官能症的判定基準都過於嚴苛，造成新聞工作者對於法律提供的金錢補償往往是「看得到、吃不到」。
然而綜觀上述，可以發現新聞工作者容易發生職災的最根源，來自於媒體結構性的改變，近年來因著不景氣裁員，記者的工作量一人當三人用；同時間各種置入性行銷、拉廣告業務等違反新聞倫理的生態，更容易讓新聞工作者身心俱疲。媒體主管若不改善新聞工作者的勞動條件，便難以避免內在和外在各種職業災害的發生。 / The study aims to investigate different types of occupational accidents encountered by journalists, and to explore whether or not media organizations provide a safe and healthy work environment for their employees, and to finally review the current legal system that regulates the workers’ compensation in the labor force of media and journalism.
Recently, the global economic recession has highly increased the unemployment rates in Taiwan. As a result, the labor condition of journalists has been negatively influenced. Apart from external risks caused at work, mental pressure has greater affected their overall health. According to the interviews of 19 journalists and 5 related personnel, the 6 most occurred occupational accidents encountered by journalists are: “deliberately attack”, “unexpected accident”, “commuter accident”, “natural disaster”, “carpal tunnel syndrome”, and “intervertebral disk herniation and scoliosis”, and “other common occupational accidents for photographers”. As well, there are 4 other types of internal occupational accidents: “karoshi”, “psychoneurosis”, “post-traumatic stress disorder”, and “tumors and cancer”.
In addition, the occupational accidents preventing system for this particular career is not completely developed, thus, only few journalists own safety awareness. In terms of the related regulations, workers’ compensation in Taiwan is mainly made for the blue collars, which is not yet suitable for journalists. Unfortunately, the standard criteria for “karoshi” and “psychoneurosis” are so rigorous that almost no one could receive the subsidies after accidents.
Draw a conclusion of “occupational accidents encountered by journalists”, journalists in Taiwan carry heavy workloads and being demanded to work overtime due to mass layoffs in the industry. It is still difficult to avoid both external and internal occupational accidents if the chiefs of the media organizations do not make necessary changes to ameliorate the structure. Above all, the inadequate labor condition of the media workers should be first improved, so that many occupational accidents can be prevented as the result.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0096451007 |
| Creators | 賴若函 |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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