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Evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of compounds from natural sources.

Lam Rosanna Yen Yen. / Thesis submitted in: September 2004. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-154). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Chinese Abstract --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Abbreviations --- p.xii / List of Figures --- p.xv / List of Tables --- p.xix / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Reactive oxygen species --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Intracellular sources of ROS --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Extracellular sources of ROS --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Superoxide anion radicals --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Hydrogen peroxide --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Hydroxyl radicals --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.6 --- Singlet oxygen --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.7 --- Peroxyl radicals and peroxides --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.8 --- Damage of cellular structures by ROS --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2 --- Antioxidative defence in the body --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Antioxidant proteins --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Antioxidant enzymes --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Antioxidant compounds --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- Vitamin E --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- Vitamin C --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.3.3 --- Glutathione --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.3.4 --- Urate --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.3.4.1 --- Purine metabolism --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.3.4.2 --- Xanthine oxidase --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Oxidative stress and antioxidant defence mechanisms in RBC --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Oxidative stress and antioxidant defence mechanisms in LDL --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3 --- Human diseases originated from pro-oxidant conditions --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Atherosclerosis --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Ischemia /reperfusion injury --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- DNA mutation --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Other pro-oxidant state related diseases --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4 --- Hyperuricemia and gout: diseases originated from an extreme antioxidant condition --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Inhibition of XOD as a treatment method for hyperuricemia --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Relationship between ROS injury and hyperuricemia --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5 --- Antioxidants in human nutrition --- p.23 / Chapter 1.6 --- Chinese medicinal therapeutics --- p.23 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Rhubarb --- p.25 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Aloe --- p.26 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Ginger --- p.27 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Objectives of the project --- p.30 / Chapter 1.6.5 --- Strategies applied to achieve the objectives of the present project --- p.30 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and methods --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1 --- XOD inhibition assay --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Assay development --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Dose-dependent study --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Reversibility of the enzyme inhibition --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Lineweaver-Burk plots --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2 --- Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay of mouse liver microsomes --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Preparation of mouse liver microsomes --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Basis of assay --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Assay procedures --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3 --- AAPH-induced hemolysis inhibition assay --- p.36 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Preparation of RBC --- p.36 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Basis of assay --- p.36 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Assay procedures --- p.37 / Chapter 2.4 --- Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay of RBC membrane --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Preparation of RBC membrane --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Basis of assay --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Assay procedures --- p.40 / Chapter 2.5 --- ATPase protection assay --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Preparation of RBC membrane --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Preparation of malachite green (MG) reagent --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Basis of assay --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Assay procedures --- p.42 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- Determination of ATPase activities --- p.43 / Chapter 2.5.6 --- Assay buffers --- p.43 / Chapter 2.6 --- Sulfhydryl group protection assay --- p.44 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Preparation of RBC membrane --- p.44 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Basis of assay --- p.45 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Assay procedures --- p.45 / Chapter 2.7 --- Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay of LDL by the AAPH method --- p.46 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Basis of assay --- p.46 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Assay procedures --- p.46 / Chapter 2.8 --- Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay of LDL by the hemin method --- p.47 / Chapter 2.8.1 --- Basis of assay --- p.47 / Chapter 2.8.2 --- Assay procedures --- p.47 / Chapter 2.9 --- Protein assay --- p.48 / Chapter 2.10 --- Statistical analysis --- p.48 / Chapter 2.11 --- Test compounds --- p.48 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Xanthine oxidase inhibition assay: results and discussion --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2 --- Results --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.59 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Lipid peroxidation inhibition in mouse liver microsomes: results and discussion --- p.64 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2 --- Results --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion --- p.69 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Assays on protection of RBC from oxidative damage: results and discussion --- p.71 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.71 / Chapter 5.2 --- Results --- p.75 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- AAPH-induced hemolysis inhibition assay --- p.75 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay of RBC membranes --- p.82 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Ca2+-ATPase protection assay --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Na+/K+-ATPase protection assay --- p.95 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Sulfhydryl group protection assay --- p.100 / Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion --- p.110 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- AAPH-induced hemolysis inhibition assay --- p.110 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay of RBC membranes --- p.111 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Ca2+-ATPase protection assay --- p.113 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Na+/K+-ATPase protection assay --- p.114 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- Sulfhydryl group protection assay --- p.115 / Chapter 5.3.6 --- Chapter summary --- p.117 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay of LDL: results and discussion --- p.118 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.118 / Chapter 6.2 --- Results --- p.118 / Chapter 6.3 --- Discussion --- p.134 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- General discussion --- p.137 / References --- p.142

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_325138
Date January 2005
ContributorsLam, Rosanna Yen Yen., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Chinese Medicine.
Source SetsThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
LanguageEnglish, Chinese
Detected LanguageEnglish
TypeText, bibliography
Formatprint, xx, 154 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
CoverageChina, China
RightsUse of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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