Chan Ching Yin. / Thesis submitted in: October 2003. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-221). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.i / Abstract --- p.iii / Abstract in Chinese --- p.vi / List of abbreviations --- p.ix / List of tables --- p.xv / List of figures --- p.xvi / Contents --- p.xviii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- What are astrocytic tumors? --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- Histological characteristics and classification --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- Epidemiology --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3. --- Treatment and patient survival --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2. --- "Cytogenetics, molecular genetics and epigenetics of astrocytic tumors" --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- Cytogenetics --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Genetic imbalances --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.3. --- Tumor suppressor genes --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.4. --- Oncogenes --- p.22 / Chapter 1.2.5. --- Primary and secondary GBMs --- p.26 / Chapter 1.3. --- Major pathways involved in astrocytic tumorigenesis --- p.30 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- Cell cycle dysregulation and suppression of apoptosis --- p.30 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- Promotion of proliferation and survival --- p.33 / Chapter 1.4. --- BRAF mutation in human cancers --- p.38 / Chapter 1.5. --- Other CNS tumors included in the current study --- p.52 / Chapter 2. --- Aims of study --- p.61 / Chapter 3. --- Materials and methods --- p.64 / Chapter 3.1. --- Clinical materials --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2. --- Cell lines --- p.75 / Chapter 3.3. --- Cell culture --- p.77 / Chapter 3.4. --- DNA extraction --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- Pre-treatment of samples --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.2. --- Cell lysis and protein removal --- p.80 / Chapter 3.4.3. --- Precipitation of DNA --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4.4. --- Determination of DNA concentration --- p.81 / Chapter 3.5. --- Mutation analysis of BRAF by cycle sequencing --- p.83 / Chapter 3.5.1. --- Amplification of BRAF exons --- p.83 / Chapter 3.5.2. --- Cycle sequencing and automated gel electrophoresis --- p.84 / Chapter 3.6. --- Immunohistochemistry of B-Raf and GFAP --- p.87 / Chapter 3.6.1. --- Pre-treatment of samples --- p.87 / Chapter 3.6.2. --- Detection of B-Raf and GFAP antigens by ABC method --- p.88 / Chapter 3.6.3. --- Controls --- p.90 / Chapter 3.7. --- Quantification of EGFR gene dosage by TaqMan based real-time PCR --- p.91 / Chapter 3.7.1. --- Preparation of gene constructs --- p.92 / Chapter 3.7.2. --- Primers and TaqMan probes --- p.93 / Chapter 3.7.3. --- Experimental condition and PCR program --- p.95 / Chapter 3.7.4. --- DNA standards --- p.95 / Chapter 3.7.5. --- Controls --- p.96 / Chapter 3.7.6. --- Experimental layout --- p.96 / Chapter 3.8. --- Microsatellite analysis of chromosome 14q in astrocytic tumors --- p.97 / Chapter 4. --- Results --- p.101 / Chapter 4.1. --- Mutation analysis of BRAF --- p.101 / Chapter 4.2. --- Immunohistochemistry of B-Raf protein --- p.107 / Chapter 4.3. --- Quantification of EGFR gene dosage --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4. --- Correlation between EGFR dosage and BRAF mutation --- p.128 / Chapter 4.5. --- Correlation between EGFR dosage and B-Raf expression --- p.129 / Chapter 4.6. --- Microsatellite analysis of chromosome 14q in astrocytic tumors --- p.131 / Chapter 5. --- Discussions --- p.149 / Chapter 5.1. --- BRAF mutations as common events in human cancers --- p.149 / Chapter 5.2. --- BRAF mutation in CNS tumor specimens --- p.150 / Chapter 5.2.1. --- Tumorigenic effect of the V599E substitution --- p.153 / Chapter 5.2.2. --- V599E B-Raf mutant activation independent of Ras activation --- p.155 / Chapter 5.2.3. --- Autocrine stimulation of Ras signaling in V599E B-Raf mutant --- p.156 / Chapter 5.3. --- BRAF expression in astrocytic tumors --- p.159 / Chapter 5.4. --- Mutually exclusive pattern between EGFR amplification and BRAF expression --- p.161 / Chapter 5.4.1. --- Similar effect of EGFR activation and B-Raf activation --- p.163 / Chapter 5.4.2. --- Mutual effects between Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk and Akt signaling --- p.164 / Chapter 5.5. --- Microsatellite analysis of chromosome 14q in human cancers --- p.167 / Chapter 5.6. --- Microsatellite analysis of chromosome 14q in astrocytic tumors --- p.170 / Chapter 5.6.1. --- Finer mapping of common regions of deletion --- p.170 / Chapter 5.6.2. --- Genes within the common regions of deletion --- p.173 / Chapter 5.6.3. --- Overlapping deletion regions in astrocytic and non-CNS tumors --- p.186 / Chapter 6. --- Further studies --- p.190 / Chapter 6.1. --- Role of BRAF alterations in astrocytic tumors --- p.190 / Chapter 6.2. --- B-Raf expression in astrocytic tumors and correlation with EGFR overexpression --- p.193 / Chapter 6.3. --- Microsatellite analysis of 14q in astrocytic tumors --- p.194 / Chapter 7. --- Conclusions --- p.195 / Chapter 8. --- References --- p.198
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_324631 |
| Date | January 2004 |
| Contributors | Chan, Ching Yin., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xxii, 221 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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