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Previous issue date: 2013 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Instituto Nacional de Ci?ncia e Tecnologia de Ci?ncia Animal (INCT-CA) / Foram avaliados o consumo, as digestibilidades totais e ruminais e as taxas de digest?o (kd) e de passagem (kp) ruminal dos nutrientes de dietas constitu?das de cana-de-a??car in natura e diferentes n?veis de concentrado, bem como o pH e a concentra??o de am?nia ruminal e a efici?ncia microbiana. Foram utilizados cinco bovinos mesti?os Holand?s-Zebu, machos castrados, fistulados no r?men, com peso corporal (PC) m?dio inicial de 300 ? 50 kg, distribu?dos em delineamento experimental em quadrado latino 5 x 5 balanceado para efeito residual. O experimento foi constitu?do de cinco per?odos experimentais, com dura??o de dezesseis dias cada um, sendo oito dias destinados ? adapta??o dos animais ?s dietas e os outros oito para a realiza??o das coletas. As dietas experimentais foram constitu?das de: 1) 100% cana-de-a??car in natura (CA); 2) 80% de CA + 20% de concentrado (C); 3) 60% de CA + 40% de C; 4) 40% de CA + 60% de C e 5) 20% de CA + 80% de C. A cana-de-a??car foi corrigida com ureia/sulfato de am?nio (ureia/SA), na propor??o de 9:1, sendo as dietas isoproteicas (aproximadamente 12% de PB na base da MS). Os dados foram analisados utilizando o procedimento MIXED do SAS (vers?o 9.1), utilizando-se an?lise de regress?o e 5% como n?vel cr?tico de probabilidade para o erro tipo I. O consumo de mat?ria seca (MS), expresso em kg/dia ou g/kg de peso corporal foi influenciado (P<0,05) pelos n?veis de concentrado, estimando-se consumo m?ximo com 63,61 e 75,04%, respectivamente. Os demais consumos calculados em kg/dia tamb?m foram influenciados (P<0,05) pelos n?veis de concentrado, estimando-se consumos m?ximos com 63,21; 63,78; 53,14; 64,31; 32,49; 88,47 e 55,46% de concentrado na dieta, para MO, PB, FDNcp, NDT, FDNi, FDNcpD e CNF, respectivamente. O ponto de m?ximo para as vari?veis expressas em g/kg de peso corporal foi obtido com 56,94; 33,25 e 63,93% de concentrado para FDNcp, FDNi e NDT, respectivamente. O Pool (kg/dia) foi aumentado linearmente ? medida que se elevou os n?veis de concentrado para MS, PB, MO e CNF. Comportamento similar foi observado para ki (h-1) da MS, PB, MO, FDNcp e CNF. As taxas de digest?o (kd h-1) da MS, MO e FDNcp e a taxa de passagem (kp h-1) da PB, aumentaram linearmente com a eleva??o dos n?veis de concentrado na dieta. Estimaram-se m?ximos fluxos omasais (kg/dia) com 52,22; 51,78; 80,83 e 31,45% de concentrado na dieta, respectivamente, para MS, MO, CNF e FDNi. As digestibilidades aparentes (DA) da MS, EE e CNF tamb?m foram influenciadas pelos n?veis de concentrado na dieta. As digestibilidades ruminais da MS e FDN aumentaram linearmente (P<0,05) com a adi??o de n?veis crescentes de concentrado . A efici?ncia microbiana calculada a partir dos derivados de purina na urina n?o foi influenciada (P>0,05) pelos n?veis de concentrado na dieta. Houve intera??o entre tempo e tratamento para o pH ruminal. Para cada tratamento, os valores de pH no l?quido ruminal apresentaram comportamento quadr?tico em fun??o do tempo, estimando-se valores m?nimos de 6,83; 6,78; 6,55; 6,76 e 6,36 nos tempos de 11,29; 8,26; 11,62; 11,09 e 10,31 horas ap?s a alimenta??o para as dietas contendo 0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 % de concentrado, respectivamente. N?o houve efeito de intera??o entre tratamento e tempo e tampouco de tratamento (P>0,05) sobre a concentra??o de N-NH3/100 mL. Mas foi observado efeito quadr?tico de tempo ap?s a alimenta??o (P<0,05), sobre esta vari?vel estimando-se concentra??o m?nima de 9,64 mg de N-NH3 /100 mL ?s 15,9 horas ap?s a alimenta??o. Conclui-se que n?veis pr?ximos de 65% de concentrado resultam em maior ingest?o de energia em dietas contendo cana-de-a??car. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT
Five ruminal cannulated crossbred (Holstein x Zebu) steers with average body weight (BW) of 300 ? 50kg were used to evaluate intake, total and apparent digestibility, ruminal digestion (kd) and passage (kp) rates of nutrients from sugar-cane based diets containing different levels of concentrate as well as its effects on ruminal pH and ammonia concentration, and microbial efficiency. Cattle were assigned into a 5 x 5 Latin Square design balanced for residual effects. The trial was divided into five 16 d experimental periods with 8 days for adaptation to experimental diets and 8 days for sample collection. Experimental treatments were composed of four different diets: 1) 100% of sugar-cane in natura (CA); 2) 80% of sugar-cane + 20% of concentrate; 3) 60% of CA + 40% of C; 4) 40% of CA + 60% of C; 5) 20% of CA + 80% of C. Experimental diets were isoprotein (approximately 12% DM basis) and a mix of urea/ammonium sulphate was used at 9:1ratio to correct the protein level of sugar-cane. A regression analysis was performed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (9.1 version) and significance was considered at P < 0.05. Dry matter intake (DMI) expressed either as kg/day or g/kg of BW was affected (P < 0.05) by concentrate level and the maximum intake was estimated to be at 63.61 and 75.04% of concentrate, respectively. Intake (kg/day) of OM, CP, NDFap, TDN, iNDF, digestible NDFap (NDFapD), and NFC were affected by concentrate level (P < 0.05) and their maximum intake was estimated to be at 63.21; 63.78; 53.14; 64.31; 32.49; 88.47 e 55.46% of concentrate, respectively. The ruminal pool size of DM, CP, OM, and NFC increased linearly as the dietary levels of concentrate increased. Similarly, ki (h-1) DM, CP, OM, NDFap, and NFC has also increased as the dietary levels of concentrate increased. The digestion rates (kg h-1) of DM, OM, and NDFap as well as the passage rate (kg h-1) of CP increased linearly as the dietary levels of concentrate increased. The maximum omasal flux (kg/day) of DM, OM, NFC, and iNDF were estimated to be at 52.22; 51.78; 80.83; and 31.45% of dietary concentrate, respectively. Apparent digestibility of DM, EE, and NFC was also linearly enhanced (P < 0.05) with the increase of concentrate levels. Microbial efficiency calculated from urinary purine derivates was not affected (P > 0.05) by the concentrate levels evaluated. An interaction of sampling time and dietary treatment was observed for ruminal pH. A quadratic effect across sampling time was observed for each experimental treatment the ruminal fluid pH where the estimation of the minimum values was 6.83; 6.78; 6.55; 6.76; and 6.36 for 11.29; 8.26; 11.62; 11.09; and 10.31 hours after feeding for diets containing 0, 20, 60, and 80% of concentrate, respectively. No interaction was observed (P > 0.05) among dietary treatments and sampling time for concentration of N-NH3/100 mL. Indeed, no effects (P > 0.05) of dietary treatments on ruminal concentration of N-NH3/100 mL. However, a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) was observed for time after feeding with the minimum concentration of 9.64 mg of N-NH3/100mL was estimated to be obtained at 15.9 hours after feeding. The data suggests that levels up to 65% of concentrate result in greater energy intake by cattle fed sugarcane based diets.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui:1/320 |
| Date | 28 August 2013 |
| Creators | Salom?o, Bernardo Murta |
| Contributors | Pereira, Odilon Gomes, Ribeiro, Karina Guimar?es, Renn?, Luciana Navajas, Valadares Filho, Sebasti?o de Campos, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Villela, Severino Delmar Junqueira |
| Publisher | UFVJM |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | Portuguese |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFVJM, instname:Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, instacron:UFVJM |
| Rights | A concess?o da licen?a deste item refere-se ao ? termo de autoriza??o impresso assinado pelo autor, assim como na licen?a Creative Commons, com as seguintes condi??es: Na qualidade de titular dos direitos de autor da publica??o, autorizo a Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri e o IBICT a disponibilizar por meio de seus reposit?rios, sem ressarcimento dos direitos autorais, de acordo com a Lei n? 9610/98, o texto integral da obra disponibilizada, conforme permiss?es assinaladas, para fins de leitura, impress?o e/ou download, a t?tulo de divulga??o da produ??o cient?fica brasileira, e preserva??o, a partir desta data., info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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