Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering / Donghai Wang / Lignocellulosic biomass such as agricultural residues tends to be a sustainable feedstock
for production of biofuels and biobased products in the long term due to its high availability and
relative low cost. However, conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels faces significant
technical challenges. One of the major challenges is biomass logistics. The agricultural residues
are often harvested during a limited harvest season and stored as bales with low bulk density,
making them difficult to handle, transport, store, and use in their natural forms. Densification of
biomass by pelleting process could significantly improve the bulk density of biomass and thus
improve handling efficiency and reduce transportation and handing costs. The main focus of this
research was to better understand the impacts of pelleting process as well as pelleting conditions
on physical properties, chemical compositions, biomass structure, and fermentable sugar yield of
sorghum stalk, corn stover, wheat straw, and big bluestem.
Results showed that pelleting process can increase biomass density up to 9-12 folds.
Pelleting condition such as hammer mill screen size and ring-die pelleting mill die thickness had
significant effects on bulk density, true density, and durability of biomass pellets. Although the
pelleting process did not show significant effects on chemical composition of biomass before
dilute-acid pretreatment process, glucan content of biomass pellets increased with the increase in
ring-die pelleting mill die thickness and decreased with the increase in mill screen size after
dilute-acid pretreatment. Opposite trend was observed for xylan content of biomass pellets as
affected by pelleting conditions after dilute-acid pretreatment process. Biomass crystallinity
increased after pelleting process, but not in a significant level. Softened surface region of
biomass was removed after pelleting process, making the biomass more amendable to enzymatic
attack. In this study, the optimum pelleting conditions were to grind the biomass feed using a
6.5-mm mill screen and to pellet biomass using a 44.5-mm ring-die pelleting mill die thickness.
Under this optimum pelleting condition, the enzymatic conversion of cellulose of wheat straw
pellets was the highest (94.1%), followed by corn stover pellet (93.1%), sorghum stalk pellet
(92.1%), and big bluestem pellet (91.1%).
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:KSU/oai:krex.k-state.edu:2097/13455 |
| Date | January 1900 |
| Creators | Theerarattananoon, Karnnalin |
| Publisher | Kansas State University |
| Source Sets | K-State Research Exchange |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Dissertation |
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