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Previous issue date: 2014-12-23 / A parte pesada do petr?leo pode ser utilizada para in?meras finalidades, uma delas ? a obten??o
de ?leos lubrificantes. Com base nesse contexto, muitos pesquisadores v?m estudando
alternativas de separa??o desses constituintes de petr?leo bruto, entre elas pode ser citada a
destila??o molecular, uma t?cnica de evapora??o for?ada diferente dos outros processos
convencionais presentes na literatura. Este processo pode ser classificado como um caso
especial de destila??o a alto v?cuo com press?es que chegam a atingir faixas extremamente
baixas da ordem de 0,1 Pascal. As superf?cies de evapora??o e de condensa??o devem
apresentar uma dist?ncia entre si da ordem de grandeza do percurso livre m?dio das mol?culas
evaporadas, isto ?, as mol?culas evaporadas facilmente atingir?o o condensador, pois as
mesmas encontrar?o um percurso sem obst?culos, o que ? desej?vel. Logo, a principal
contribui??o deste trabalho consiste na simula??o do processo de destila??o molecular de filme
descendente do petr?leo. O petr?leo bruto foi caracterizado utilizando o UniSim? Design R430
e o Aspen HYSYS? V8.5. Com os resultados desta caracteriza??o foram efetuados, em planilhas
de c?lculo no Microsoft? Excel?, os c?lculos das propriedades f?sico-qu?micas dos res?duos de
uma amostra de petr?leo, i.e., termodin?micas e de transporte. De posse dessas propriedades
estimadas e das condi??es de contorno sugeridas pela literatura, foram resolvidas as equa??es
dos perfis de temperatura e concentra??o atrav?s do m?todo de diferen?as finitas impl?cito
utilizando a linguagem de programa??o Visual Basic? (VBA) for Excel?. O resultado do perfil
de temperatura apresentou-se coerente com os reproduzidos pela literatura, havendo em seus
valores iniciais uma leve distor??o em consequ?ncia da natureza do ?leo estudado ser mais leve
que o da literatura. Os resultados dos perfis de concentra??o mostraram-se eficientes
permitindo perceber que as concentra??es dos mais vol?teis diminuem e as dos menos vol?teis
aumentam em fun??o do comprimento do evaporador. De acordo com os fen?menos de
transporte presentes no processo, o perfil de velocidade tende a aumentar at? um ponto m?ximo
e em seguida diminui e a espessura do filme diminui, ambos em fun??o do comprimento do
evaporador. Conclui-se que o c?digo de simula??o em linguagem Visual Basic? (VBA) ? um
produto final do trabalho que permite aplica??o para a destila??o molecular do petr?leo e de
outras misturas similares. / The heavy part of the oil can be used for numerous purposes, e.g. to obtain lubricating oils. In
this context, many researchers have been studying alternatives such separation of crude oil
components, among which may be mentioned molecular distillation. Molecular distillation is a
forced evaporation technique different from other conventional processes in the literature. This
process can be classified as a special distillation case under high vacuum with pressures that
reach extremely low ranges of the order of 0.1 Pascal. The evaporation and condensation
surfaces must have a distance from each other of the magnitude order of mean free path of the
evaporated molecules, that is, molecules evaporated easily reach the condenser, because they
find a route without obstacles, what is desirable. Thus, the main contribution of this work is the
simulation of the falling-film molecular distillation for crude oil mixtures. The crude oil was
characterized using UniSim? Design and R430 Aspen HYSYS? V8.5. The results of this
characterization were performed in spreadsheets of Microsoft? Excel?, calculations of the
physicochemical properties of the waste of an oil sample, i.e., thermodynamic and transport.
Based on this estimated properties and boundary conditions suggested by the literature,
equations of temperature and concentration profiles were resolved through the implicit finite
difference method using the programming language Visual Basic? (VBA) for Excel?. The
result of the temperature profile showed consistent with the reproduced by literature, having in
their initial values a slight distortion as a result of the nature of the studied oil is lighter than
the literature, since the results of the concentration profiles were effective allowing realize that
the concentration of the more volatile decreases and of the less volatile increases due to the
length of the evaporator. According to the transport phenomena present in the process, the
velocity profile tends to increase to a peak and then decreases, and the film thickness decreases,
both as a function of the evaporator length. It is concluded that the simulation code in Visual
Basic? language (VBA) is a final product of the work that allows application to molecular
distillation of petroleum and other similar mixtures.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/19939 |
| Date | 23 December 2014 |
| Creators | Lopes, Herbert Senzano |
| Contributors | 08580772800, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2621516646153655, Bezerra, Vanja Maria de Fran?a, 41227883404, http://lattes.cnpq.br/7566236243351252, Ara?jo, Alessandro Alisson de Lemos, 01322289476, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6204950349091367, Silva, Dannielle Janainne da, 00840089465, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3744730955893225, Barros Neto, Eduardo Lins de, Chiavone Filho, Osvaldo |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA QU?MICA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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