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Previous issue date: 2012-01-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The program PROBIODIESEL from the Ministry of Science and Technology has substantially increased glycerine, obtained as a sub-product of biodiesel production process, making it necessary to seek alternatives for the use of this co-product. On the other hand, herbicides although play a role of fundamental importance in the agricultural production system in force, have been under growing concern among the various segments of society because of their potential environmental risk. In this work, we used glycerin in microemulsion systems for application of herbicides, to improve efficiency and lower environmental pollution caused by the loss of those products to the environment. To obtain the systems of microemulsinados were used Unitol L90 NP and Renex 40 as surfactants, butanol as co-surfactant, coconut oil as oil phase and aqueous phase as we used solutions of glycerin + water. Through the determination of phase diagrams, the microemulsion region was found in the system E (L90 Unitol, coconut oil and glycerin + water 1:1). Three points were chosen to the aqueous phase rich in characterization and application in the solubilization of glyphosate and atrazine. Three experiments were performed in Horta, Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Science Sector, UFERSA, Mossor?-RN. The first experiment was conducted in randomized complete blocks with 20 treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of five doses of the herbicide glyphosate (0.0, 0.45, 0.9, 1.35 and 1.8 L ha-1) diluted with four sauces: C1, C2, C3 (microemulsions) and C4 (water). The phytotoxicity of Brachiaria brizantha was measured at 7, 14, 28 and 60 DAA (days after application). At 60 DAA, we evaluated the biomass of plants. The second experiment was developed in randomized complete blocks with 20 treatments and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of five doses of the herbicide atrazine (0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 2.4 L ha-1) diluted with four sauces: C1, C2, C3 (microemulsions) and C4 (water). The phytotoxicity on Zea mays and Talinum paniculatum was evaluated at 2, 7, 20 DAA. The experiment III was developed in randomized complete blocks with 16 treatments and three repetitions. The treatments consisted of 16 combinations among the constituents of the microemulsion: Unitol L90 surfactant (0.0, 1.66, 5.0, 15 %) and glycerin (0.0, 4.44, 13.33 and 40.0 %). The phytotoxicity on Zea mays was evaluated at 1, 7 and 14 DAA. At 14 DAA, we evaluated the biomass of plants. The control plants using the microemulsions was lower than in the water due to the poisoning caused by the initial microemulsions in the leaves of the plants, a fact that hinders the absorption and translocation of the herbicide. There was no toxicity in Zea mays plants caused by the herbicide, however, were highly intoxicated by microemulsions. T. paniculatum was better controlled in spraying with the microemulsions, regardless of the dose of the herbicide. The glycerine did not cause plant damage. Higher poisoning the plants are caused by tensoactive Unitol L90 and higher rates occur with the use of higher concentrations of surfactant and glycerin, or microemulsion. The microemulsions used hampered the action of glyphosate in controlling B. brizantha and caused severe poisoning in corn, and these poisonings attributed mainly to the action of surfactant / O programa PROBIODIESEL do Minist?rio da Ci?ncia e Tecnologia aumentou consideravelmente a oferta de glicerina, obtida como sub-produto no processo de produ??o do biodiesel, tornando-se necess?rio a busca de alternativas econ?micas e ambientalmente corretas para a utiliza??o deste co-produto. Por outro lado, os herbicidas, embora desempenhem papel de fundamental import?ncia no sistema de produ??o agr?cola vigente, t?m sido alvo de crescente preocupa??o por parte dos diversos segmentos da sociedade, em virtude de seu potencial de risco ambiental. Neste trabalho, empregou-se a glicerina em sistemas microemulsionados para a aplica??o na pulveriza??o com herbicidas, visando melhor efici?ncia e menor contamina??o ambiental provocada pelas perdas desses produtos para o meio ambiente. Para obten??o dos sistemas microemulsinados foram utilizados Unitol L90 e Renex NP 40 como tensoativos, butanol como co-tensoativo, ?leo de coco como fase ?leo e como fase aquosa utilizou-se solu??es de glicerina + ?gua. Atrav?s da determina??o dos diagramas de fases, a regi?o de microemuls?o foi encontrada no sistema E (Unitol L90, ?leo de coco e glicerina + ?gua 1:1). Escolheu-se tr?s pontos ricos em fase aquosa para caracteriza??o e aplica??o na pulveriza??o com os herbicidas glyphosate e atrazine. Foram realizados tr?s experimentos na Horta do Departamento de Ci?ncias Vegetais, setor Fitotecnia, UFERSA, Mossor?-RN. O experimento I foi desenvolvido em blocos casualizados completos com 20 tratamentos e quatro repeti??es. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco doses do herbicida glyphosate (0,00; 0,45; 0,90; 1,35 e 1,80 L ha-1) dilu?dos em quatro caldas: Calda 1, Calda 2, Calda 3 (microemuls?es) e Calda 4 (?gua). A fitotoxicidade sobre B. brizantha foi avaliada aos 7, 14, 28 e 60 DAA (dias ap?s aplica??o). Aos 60 DAA, avaliou-se a biomassa seca das plantas. O experimento II foi desenvolvido em blocos casualizados completos com 20 tratamentos e quatro repeti??es. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco doses do herbicida atrazine (0,0; 0,4; 0,8; 1,6 e 2,4 L ha-1) dilu?dos em quatro caldas: Calda 1, Calda 2, Calda 3 (microemuls?es) e Calda 4 (?gua). A fitotoxicidade sobre Zea mays e Talinum paniculatum foi avaliada aos 2, 7, 20 DAA. O experimento III foi desenvolvido em blocos casualizados completos com 16 tratamentos e tr?s repeti??es. Os tratamentos consistiram 16 combina??es entre os constituintes da microemuls?o: Tensoativo Unitol L90 (0,0; 1,66; 5,0 e 15 %) e Glicerina (0,0; 4,44; 13,33 e 40,0 %). A fitotoxicidade sobre Zea mays foi avaliada aos 1, 7 e 14 DAA. Aos 14 DAA, avaliou-se a biomassa seca das plantas. O controle de plantas usando as microemuls?es foi inferior ao da ?gua devido a intoxica??o inicial causada pelas microemuls?es nas folhas das plantas, fato que dificultou a absor??o e transloca??o do herbicida. N?o houve intoxica??o nas plantas de Zea mays causadas pelo herbicida, por?m, foram altamente intoxicadas pelas microemuls?es. O T. paniculatum foi melhor controlado nas pulveriza??es com as microemuls?es, independente da dose do herbicida. A glicerina n?o provocou danos ?s plantas. Maiores intoxica??es nas plantas s?o causadas pelo tensoativo Unitol L90 e ?ndices mais elevados ocorrem com o uso de maiores concentra??es do tensoativo e da glicerina, ou seja, microemuls?o. As microemuls?es utilizadas prejudicaram a a??o do glyphosate no controle da B. brizantha e causaram severas intoxica??es na cultura do milho, sendo estas intoxica??es atribu?das principalmente ? a??o do tensoativo
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/12967 |
| Date | 31 January 2012 |
| Creators | Soares, Igor Andrey Aires |
| Contributors | CPF:07286937391, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783139Z0&dataRevisao=null, Silva, Djalma Ribeiro da, CPF:13893734449, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2791074318745945, Melo, Keila Rejane de Oliveira, CPF:03411704454, Freitas, Francisco Claudio Lopes de, CPF:69935319687, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0060989785573065, Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia e Engenharia do Petr?leo, UFRN, BR, Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Ci?ncia e Engenharia de Petr?leo |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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