In this dissertation, three types of paper-based analytical devices for point-of-care biosensing, a potentiometric method for analyzing percent hemoglobin A1c (%HbA1c) and a PDMS-glass microelectrochemical device for highly reproducible amperometric measurement in microdroplet, are described. The first paper-based sensing device is fabricated using the principles of origami (paper folding). The three-dimensional origami paper analytical device (oPAD) is fabricated on a single sheet of flat paper in a single photolithographic step and assembled by simply folding the paper by hand. Following analysis, the device can be unfolded to reveal each layer for optical and fluorescent read-out. The second type of paper-based device has an integral aluminum/air battery as the power source and reports its output using Prussian blue as an electrochromic indicator. The integrated aluminum/air battery powers both the electrochemical sensor and the electrochromic read-out. The applicability of the device to point-of-care sensing is demonstrated by qualitative detection of glucose and H2O2 in artificial urine. The third type of paper-based device (oPAD 2) uses an aptamer to recognize the analyte, adenosine, a glucose oxidase tag to modify the relative concentrations of an electroactive redox couple, and a digital multimeter to transduce the result of the assay. Adenosine is quantitatively determined using this device with a detection limit of 11.8 uM. The method for measuring HbA1c concentration, hemoglobin concentration, and thus %HbA1c in human blood is based on potentiometry. We use Alizarin red s (ARS) as a redox indicator. The potential shift of ARS owing to diol-boronic acid complexation is used to determine the HbA1c, which is a competitor of ARS for the complexation reaction. The concentration of Hb is determined by reacting it with Fe(CN)₆³⁻ and measuring the potential shift arising from the reduction of Fe(CN)₆³⁻ by Hb. The results obtained for %HBA1c in human blood are in good agreement with those determined using a reference method. The method for highly reproducible chronoamperometric analysis of the contents of microdroplets is developed. Aqueous microdroplets (~ 1 nL) and separated by a fluorocarbon solvent are generated within a microfluidic device using a T-shaped junction. Highly reproducible quasi-steady-state currents (relative standard deviations = ~ 2%) are observed when the microdroplets are stretched by a factor of 10 in a narrowed segment of a microchannel, which leads to desirable intradroplet mass transfer characteristics. Importantly, the design of the microelectrochemical device ensures direct contact between intradroplet redox molecules and the electrode surface to study inner-sphere electrocatalytic processes such as the oxygen reduction reaction. Finite-element simulations are presented that are in accord with the experimental findings. / text
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:UTEXAS/oai:repositories.lib.utexas.edu:2152/23394 |
| Date | 03 March 2014 |
| Creators | Liu, Hong, active 2012 |
| Source Sets | University of Texas |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
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