Choi, Man Wing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-139). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Antigen presenting cells (APC) in Immune systems --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Dendritic cells --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1.1 --- Differentiation of dendritic cells in mice --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1.2 --- Maturation of dendritic cells --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.1.3 --- Stimulation and polarization of T cells stimulated by dendritic cells --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Monocyte and macrophage --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Differentiation of monocyte and macrophage in humans --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Changes involved in differentiation of monocytes into macrophages --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2 --- "Isolation, structure and activity of mushroom polysaccharides" --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Sources of mushroom polysaccharides --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Extraction methods --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) of mushroom polysaccharides --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Previous studies on immunomodulatory effects of mushroom sclerotial polysaccharides --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3 --- Recognition of β-glucan by specific receptors --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Complement Receptor 3 (CR3) --- p.22 / Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- Introduction of CR3 --- p.22 / Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- Expressions of CR3 to recognize fungi --- p.22 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Dectin-1 --- p.24 / Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Introduction of Dectin-1 --- p.24 / Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Structure of Full-length Dectin-1 --- p.26 / Chapter 1.3.2.2.1 --- Isoforms of Dectin-1 in Mice --- p.28 / Chapter 1.3.2.2.2 --- Isoforms of Dectin-1 in Humans --- p.28 / Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Immune responses triggered by of Dectin-1 --- p.29 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Toll-like 2 receptor (TLR2) --- p.31 / Chapter 1.3.3.1 --- Introduction of TLR2 --- p.31 / Chapter 1.3.3.2 --- Structure of TLR2 --- p.33 / Chapter 1.3.3.3 --- Immune responses triggered by TLR2 --- p.34 / Chapter 1.4 --- Research Objectives --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Mushroom sclerotia --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- Polysaccharide extraction from mushroom sclerotia --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Antibodies and reagents --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Human acute leukocyte monocytic cell line and culture medium --- p.42 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Preparation of murine bone marrow-derived immature dendritic primary cells (immature BMDCs) --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Chemical Analysis --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Measurement of monosaccharide profile --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.1.1.1 --- Acid depolymerisation --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.1.1.2 --- Neutral sugar derivatization --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.1.1.3 --- Gas chromatography (GC) --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Determination of total sugar by phenol-sulfuric acid method --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Determination of protein content by Lowry-Folin Method --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Size exclusion chromatography by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.1.5 --- Endotoxin detection --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Measurement of Bioactivities --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Trypan blue exclusion assay --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- MTT cell proliferation assay --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- BrdU cell proliferation assay --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Expression of cell surface markers --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Phagocytosis / Endocytosis of FITC-labeled dextrans --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.2.6 --- Nitric oxide production assay --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.2.7 --- Reactive oxygen species production --- p.57 / Chapter 2.2.2.8 --- Determination of cytokine profile using cytokine antibody array --- p.58 / Chapter 2.2.2.9 --- Cell cycle analysis --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2.2.10 --- Expression of surface receptors --- p.60 / Chapter 2.2.2.11 --- Statistical analysis --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1 --- Chemical characteristics of sclerotial polysaccharides --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- The yield of sclerotial polysaccharides --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Total carbohydrate content of sclerotial polysaccharides --- p.65 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Protein content of sclerotial polysaccharides --- p.66 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Monosaccharide profiles of sclerotial polysaccharides from PR by gas chromatography (GC) --- p.66 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Molecular weight of sclerotial polysaccharides from PR by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) --- p.69 / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Endotoxin test --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2 --- Immune responses for human monocytic cell line THP-1 --- p.74 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- MTT cell viability assay --- p.74 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- BrdU cell proliferation assay --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Change in cell morphology of THP-1 --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Phenotypic maturation of THP-1 --- p.81 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Up-regulated phagocytic ability of THP-1 --- p.84 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Increased nitrite production in THP-1 --- p.86 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Production of reactive oxygen species --- p.88 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- Human cytokines profile array --- p.90 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Cell cycle analysis --- p.93 / Chapter 3.2.10 --- Surface receptors expression --- p.95 / Chapter 3.2.11 --- Summary --- p.98 / Chapter 3.3 --- Immune responses for murine immature BMDCs --- p.102 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Inhibition effects on murine immature BMDCs --- p.102 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Change in cell morphology of murine immature BMDCs --- p.103 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Phenotypic maturation of murine immature BMDCs --- p.105 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Down-regulation of endocytosis in murine immature BMDCs --- p.106 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Increased nitrite production --- p.109 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Decreased expression of CD 11c in PRW-treated immature BMDCs --- p.109 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Cytokine profile detection --- p.112 / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Surface receptors expression --- p.116 / Chapter 3.3.9 --- Summary --- p.119 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Conclusion and future works --- p.123 / Appendix --- p.125 / References --- p.126
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_327133 |
| Date | January 2010 |
| Contributors | Choi, Man Wing., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Life Sciences. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xx, 139 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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