<p>U radu je analizirana brioflora Fruške gore. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrđivanje diverziteta, distribucije, uslova mikrostaništa i strukture zajednica mahovina na različitim tipovima staništa na Fruškoj gori. Takođe, jedan od ciljeva je bio i testiranje i optimizacija metode za kvantitativna uzorkovanja briofita na različitim tipovima staništa. Terenska istraživanja su vršena u periodu 2013-2017 godine. Za<br />potrebe florističkih istraživanja terenska uzorkovanja su vršena metodom transekta na 120 lokaliteta na području Fruške gore. Za testiranje i optimizaciju metoda za kvantitativna briološka uzorkovanja korišćene su različite varijante metoda „kvadrata“ (metod ugneždenih kvadrata za prizemnu briofloru i metod postavljanja mikroplotova na različitoj udaljenosti za epifitsku briofloru). Odgovarajuće metode su odabrane na osnovu kriva minimum areala i kriva sličnosti (eng. species-area curve, similarity area curve). Odgovarajuće metode su primenjene za dalja uzorkovanja u ovom istraživanju. Na pojedinim lokalitetima (šumska i livadska staništa) vršeno je merenje nekoliko ekoloških parametara (pH zemljišta i kore drveta, vlažnost zemljišta, temperatura zemljišta, pokrovnost stelje, pokrovnost<br />zeljastih vaskularnih biljaka, udaljenost od potoka u šumskim staništima i udaljenost šumskih ekosistema na livadskim staništima) u cilju utvrđivanja uticaja merenih ekoloških parametara na diverzitet i distribuciju briofita. Briofitske zajednice su utvrđene na različitim tipovima staništa i podloge uz pomoć „label propagating community detection“ analize.Rezultati ovog istraživanja su pokazali da je Fruška<br />gora područje koje se odlikuje visokim diverzitetom briofita i ukupno je zabeleženo 235 briofitskih taksona (na osnovu literaturnih podataka i terenskih istraživanja). 73 taksona briofita je prvi put zabeleženo na području Fruške gore. Od ukupnog<br />broja taksona, 11% je pod nekim stepenom ugroženosti ili zakonske zaštite. Metoda mikrocenoze se pokazala kao najadekvatniji metod za kvantitativna uzorkovanja prizemnih briofita (sa minimalnom adekvatnom veličinom kvadrata 0.5x0.5 m u šumskim odnosno 1x1 m na livadskim staništima). Za epifitske briofite, kao najadekvatnija se pokazale metoda postavljanja mikroplotova dimenzija 10x10 cm sa sve četiri strane stabla na međusobnoj udaljenosti od 20 cm. Struktura staništa ima značajno veći uticaj na diverzitet prizemnih briofita u šumskim staništima u odnosu na karakteristike zemljišta, dok je na livadskim<br />staništima zabeležen obrnut slučaj. Najveći uticaj na diverzitet epifitskih briofita ima visina na stablu kao i tip forofite. Na istraživanom području je detektovano devet zajednica u prizemnoj brioflori šumskih staništa; šest epifitskih zajednica; pet zajednica na livadskim staništima; četiri zajednice na trulim deblima i panjevima; 10 zajednica na stenama i kamenju; četiri zajednice u potocima. Dobijeni rezultati predstavljaju građu za dalja briološka istraživanja, kako floristička tako i ekološka, i dopunu flore Srbije.</p> / <p>In this research, the bryophyte flora of Fruška gora Mountain was analyzed. The aim of this research was to determine the diversity, distribution, microhabitat conditions and community structure of bryophytes on different types of habitats on Fruška Gora. Also, one of the goals was testing and optimization of the method for quantitative sampling of bryophytes on different types of habitats. Field research was carried out in the period 2013-2017. For the purposes of floristic research, field sampling was carried out using the transect method at 120 localities. Different variants of the "quadrat" method (method of nested quadrats for terrestrial bryophytes and the method of placing microplots at different distances for the epiphytic byphytes) were used for testing and optimization of methods for quantitative bryophyte sampling. Appropriate methods were selected on the basis species-area curve and similarity-area curve. Appropriate methods have been applied to further sampling in this study. On some localities (forest and meadow habitats) several environmental parameters (pH of soil and bark of wood, soil moisture, soil temperature, roof cover, coverage of herbaceous vascular plants, distance from the stream in forest habitats and distance of forest ecosystems in meadow habitats) were measured in order to determine their impact on the diversity and distribution of bryophytes. Bryophyte communities were identified on different substrates and habitat types using "label propagating community detection" analysis. The results of this study have shown that Fruška gora is an area characterized by a high diversity of bryophytes and a total number of 235 taxa were recorded (based on literature data and field research). 73 taxa were recorded for the first time on this area. Of the total number of taxa, 11% is threatened or under legislative protection. The microcenose method proved to be the most adequate for quantitative sampling of terrestrial bryophytes (with a minimum quadrat size of 0.5x0.5 m in forests and 1x1 m in meadow habitats). For the epiphytic bryophytes, the method of placing the microplots (10x10 cm) on all four sides of the tree at a distance of 20 cm is most suitable. The stand structure has a significantly greater influence on the diversity of terrestrial bryophytes in forest habitats compared to soil haracteristics, while in the meadow habitats there is a reverse case. The greatest influence on the diversity of epiphytic bryophytes has height on the tree as well as the type of phorphyte. In the investigated area, nine bryophyte communities were detected in ground bryopyhte flora of forest habitats; six epiphytic communities; five communities in meadow habitats; four communities on rotten trunks and horns; 10 communities on the rocks and stones; four communities in streams. The obtained results represent the base for further bryological research, both floristic and ecological, and the addition to the flora of Serbia.</p>
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:uns.ac.rs/oai:CRISUNS:(BISIS)110577 |
| Date | 11 June 2019 |
| Creators | Ilić Miloš |
| Contributors | Vukov Dragana, Igić Ružica, Radulović Snežana, Orlović Saša, Veljić Milan |
| Publisher | Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences at Novi Sad |
| Source Sets | University of Novi Sad |
| Language | Serbian |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | PhD thesis |
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