Les réseaux de capteurs sans fils et mobiles constituent un champ de recherche dans lequel un grand nombre de capteurs de faible coût sont déployés dans un environnement pour observer un ou plusieurs phénomènes. Ces capteurs sont autonomes, communicant et disposent d'une réserve d'énergie limitée. Les problèmes issus de ce type de système sont nombreux : gestion de l'énergie, couverture, fusion de donnée, ...L'approche proposée dans cette thèse repose sur l'hypothèse que les réseaux de capteurs doivent exhiber des propriétés d'auto-organisation et d'autonomie. Chaque capteur est en soit autonome et peut interagir avec d'autres capteurs ce qui forme une organisation complexe. Ces capteurs ont un but à accomplir et le système possède les caractéristiques suivantes : i. le but du réseau ne peut généralement pas être résolu par un capteur uniqueii. Les capteurs doivent collaborer pour accomplir le but ou contribuer à une partie de ce but.iii. Chaque capteur réagit à son environnement en fonction de ses perceptions qui sont forcément locales et limitées.Après une introduction qui décrit le domaine et pose la problématique un état de l'art du domaine est présenté au chapitre 2. Deux contributions sont abordées dans cette thèse. D'une part, l'analyse des propriétés dynamiques de topologie des réseaux de capteurs sans fil et d'autre part la performance des liens de ce type de réseaux. Pour la topologie deux approches sont proposées : au chapitre 3 une première approche basée sur le modèle de mobilité et au chapitre 4 une approche basée sur des techniques de mesures. Pour la performance des liens, deux approches sont également proposées. La première, décrite dans le chapitre 5, est basée sur un modèle d'analyse linéaire. La deuxième, décrite au chapitre 6, repose sur une technique d'optimisation multi-objectif. / The measurability of Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is the precondition of itsmanagement, performance optimization and network resources re-allocations. However, MANET is an infrastructure-free, multi-hop, andself-organized temporary network, comprised of a group of mobile nodes with wirelesscommunication devices. Not only does its topology structure vary with time going by, butalso the communication protocol used in its network layer or data link layer is diverse andnon-standard.In order to solve the problem of interior links performance (such as packet loss rate anddelay) measurement in MANET, this thesis has adopted an external measurement basedon network tomography (NT). To the best of our knowledge, NT technique is adaptable for Ad Hoc networkmeasurement.This thesis has deeply studied MANET measurement technique based on NT. The maincontributions are:(1) An analysis technique on MANET topology dynamic characteristic based onmobility model was proposed. At first, an Ad Hoc network mobility model formalizationis described. Then a MANET topology snapshots capturing method was proposed to findand verify that MANET topology varies in steady and non-steady state in turnperiodically. At the same time, it was proved that it was practicable in theory to introduceNT technique into Ad Hoc network measurement. The fitness hypothesis verification wasadopted to obtain the rule of Ad Hoc network topology dynamic characteristic parameters,and the Markov stochastic process was adopted to analyze MANET topology dynamiccharacteristic. The simulation results show that the method above not only is valid andgenerable to be used for all mobility models in NS-2 Tool, but also could obtain thetopology state keeping experimental formula and topology state varying probabilityformula.IV(2) An analysis technique for MANET topology dynamic characteristic based onmeasurement sample was proposed. When the scenario file of mobile models could notbe obtained beforehand, End-to-End measurement was used in MANET to obtain thepath delay time. Then topology steady period of MANET is inferred by judging whetherpath delay dithering is close to zero. At the same time, the MANET topology wasidentified by using hierarchical clustering method based on measurement sample of pathperformance during topology steady period in order to support the link performanceinference. The simulation result verified that the method above could not only detect themeasurement window time of MANET effectively, but also identify the MANETtopology architecture during measurement window time correctly.(3) A MANET link performance inference algorithm based on linear analysis modelwas proposed. The relation of inequality between link and path performance, such as lossrate of MANET, was deduced according to a linear model. The phenomena thatcommunication characteristic of packets, such as delay and loss rate, is more similarwhen the sub-paths has longer shared links was proved in the document. When the rankof the routing matrix is equal to that of its augmentation matrix, the linear model wasused to describe the Ad Hoc network link performance inference method. The simulationresults show that the algorithm not only is effective, but also has short computing time.(4) A Link performance inference algorithm based on multi-objectives optimizationwas proposed. When the rank of the routing matrix is not equal to that of its augmentationmatrix, the link performance inference was changed into multi-objectives optimizationand genetic algorithm is used to infer link performance. The probability distribution oflink performance in certain time t was obtained by performing more measurements andstatistically analyzing the hypo-solutions. Through the simulation, it can be safelyconcluded that the internal link performance, such as, link loss ratio and link delay, can beinferred correctly when the rank of the routing matrix is not equal to that of itsaugmentation matrix.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:theses.fr/2011BELF0159 |
| Date | 08 July 2011 |
| Creators | Yao, Ye |
| Contributors | Belfort-Montbéliard, Northwestern Polytechnical University (Chine), Wan Dong, Cai, Koukam, Abder |
| Source Sets | Dépôt national des thèses électroniques françaises |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, Text |
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