The effect of a 9—month nutrition education and walking program on
energy need, body composition, nutrient intake, nutritional status,
aerobic fitness, and health risk factors was determined in 7 women with
childhood—onset obesity (CO) and 8 women with adult—onset obesity (AO).
Data were collected before and after the 9—month program while
participants were on a 3-week controlled, weight-maintaining metabolic
diet. Need for total calories increased by 2.9% for CO and 3.1% for AO
from pre to post (p=.09) whereas calories for resting metabolic rate
(RMR) decreased 3.6% for CO and 2.8% for AO (p<.05). Body weight
decreased from 98 ± 12 to 93 ± 7 kg in CO and from 93 ± 14 to 90 ± 15
kg in AO (p<.05), with 93% of the loss as fat tissue. Time spent in
light and moderate activity increased from pre to post (p<.01). The
increase in activity more than compensated for the decrease in RMR,
contributing to an overall increase in daily energy need. Over the 9
months % kcals as fat assessed from food records decreased from 46 ± 4
to 29 ± 2% for CO and from 42 ± 6 to 36 ± 6% for AO. Though total
calorie need did not decrease pre to post, calorie intake decreased 38%
for CO and 10% for AO. Despite reduced calorie intake, both groups maintained or increased their intakes of iron and vitamin B6. Change
in dietary fat was related to age of onset of obesity but weight change
was not. However, weight change was correlated with body fat
distribution (r=-0.67, p<.01). Those women with predominately upper
body fat lost more weight than those with predominately lower body fat.
Fitness improved in both groups, with V02 max increasing by 8% for CO
and 7% for AO (p<.01). Total plasma cholesterol (TC) decreased 11% for
CO and 4% for AO (p<.01). LDL-C decreased similarly while no
significant change occurred in HDL—C or triglycerides. Resting
systolic blood pressure (SBP) did not change significantly, while
resting diastolic blood pressure (DBF) decreased 4% and 5% for CO and
AO, respectively (p<.05). During exercise at an intensity close to 50%
of V02 max, SBP decreased 3-4% (p>.05) while DBF decreased 9-11%
(p<.001). Area under the glucose tolerance curve decreased 43% for CO
and 21% for AO (p=.07). Change in TC was most highly correlated with
change in % kcals from fat (r=0.68, p<.01) while change in resting SBP
and DBF was most highly correlated with change in V02 max (r=0.64,
p<.01). Change in body weight was not significantly related to change
in any of the risk factor variables. These results suggest that
changes in dietary and activity habits will improve health risk factors
in women with obesity without the need for drastic weight loss. / Graduation date: 1989
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:ORGSU/oai:ir.library.oregonstate.edu:1957/27248 |
| Date | 13 May 1988 |
| Creators | Moore, Jane M. |
| Contributors | Leklem, James E. |
| Source Sets | Oregon State University |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis/Dissertation |
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