The most spread system of agricultural production is conventional system, which reaches the best profits by its excessive inputs into production such as fertilization, chemical spraying, heavy engineering. However the importance of ecological (BIO) and integrated (I.P.) production has been increasing among the consumers recently. Mainly because of environmental sustainability and protection of their own health. The aim of this study is to compare qualitative characteristics of 10 different apple cultivars (Melodie, Šampion, Gloster, Idared, Angold, Topaz, Goldstar, Ontario, Florina, and Rubín) with reference to the type of production system. The dry matter content, amount, concentration of carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, sensory evaluation and overall profile of volatile compounds were analysed in apples coming from both ecological and integrated agriculture.
The dry matter content of all apple cultivars was measured by using two different methods. At the same time drying in an infra-red scale and refract metrical measuring by a portable refractometer were carried out. Concentrations of different carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose and fructose) were analysed by HPLC method with RI detection. The content of ascorbic acid (AA) was determined by HPLC with UV/VIS detection. During the sensory evaluations a protocol for a trained sensory panel was created including profile, pair and pair preference test. With an aim of detection of volatile aromatic compounds´ profile there was a sorption prepared on SPME extraction with following analysis on GC-GC-MS.
In the concentration of C vitamin was the cultivar found statistically significant (p = 0,0004) and not in the supposed type of production. The final concentration of ascorbic acid was 13-130 mg/kg in BIO apples and 10-103 mg/kg in apples from integrated production. Overall 7 BIO cultivars had higher content of AA in comparison to I.P. The highest concentration of AA was in cultivar Ontario. In total 7 BIO cultivars from 10 had bigger content of AA in addition to integrated samples. The most present carbohydrate in apples is fructose in which was found a statistically significant difference between values of BIO and I.P. (p = 0,0272). The highest figure of fructose and also of sum of sugars was Angold BIO (422,3 g/kg). The highest presence of dry matter was found in cultivar Florina BIO (18,62 %). Refract metrical matter was in the range from 11 to 17 Brix.
There was a statistically significant importance proved between the figures of BIO and I.P between both dry matters. At the same time it was proved that there is present a dependence between them based on correlation coefficient (r = 0,9622). It was assumed that the overall sum would correlate with refract metrical dry matter, but this was not confirmed. There was also proved a statistical difference (p = 0,0002) between the BIO and I.P apple weights. In all cases of samples the weights of I.P apples was higher. In sensory analysis the cultivar Šampion BIO was evaluated the best from the overall intensity and pleasure of the taste.
Topaz I.P was evaluated as the sample with the most pleasant taste and Florina I.P with the highest taste intensity. By the analysis of pair preference test results it was confirmed that there is a statistically significant difference on the selected level of probability 99%. But preference in any of production systems was not confirmed. During the analysis of overall profile of volatile aromatic substances it was found out that the same cultivar of different production has the same composition, but different relative concentration of the present substances.
This problematics needs further and more detailed analysis, which would prove or disprove influence of the cultivar on all analysed aspects.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:nusl.cz/oai:invenio.nusl.cz:258432 |
| Date | January 2016 |
| Creators | Dresslerová, Ivona |
| Contributors | Kouřimská, Lenka, Jan, Jan |
| Publisher | Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze |
| Source Sets | Czech ETDs |
| Language | Czech |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
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