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Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Um trecho da BR- 367, que liga a cidade de Diamantina ao distrito de Guinda, em Minas
Gerais, perpassa por ?reas de campo rupestre na Serra do Espinha?o Meridional e apresenta
diversas ?reas de empr?stimo, constitu?das por jazidas de material granular consumidas em
obra rodovi?ria da pr?pria via entre as d?cadas de 1960 e 1980. Atualmente tais ?reas ainda
apresentam-se fortemente degradadas, caracterizando-se pela fraca cobertura vegetal,
exposi??o do solo e inexist?ncia de um sistema de drenagem superficial eficiente. Neste
contexto, surge a necessidade de alternativas que tenham efic?cia na integra??o dos
conhecimentos silviculturais e princ?pios ecol?gicos visando o retorno destas ?reas ?s
condi??es pr?ximas das originais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo entender a rela??o entre
vari?veis ambientais e a estrutura horizontal e flor?stica das esp?cies colonizadoras destes
ambientes degradados. Foram selecionadas quatro ?reas degradadas, analisadas por
fotografias a?reas referentes aos anos de 1960 e 1979 nas quais foi poss?vel detectar das ?reas
degradadas pontuais. Para o estudo do substrato estratificou-se as quatro ?reas selecionadas
para a coleta de amostras deformadas e indeformadas de forma preferencial. Obteve-se as
propor??es de areia, silte, argila, dados de resist?ncia ? penetra??o, densidade de part?culas e
aparente, porosidade total, micro e macro porosidade. Para a an?lises qu?micas foram
coletadas entre 5 subamostras de cada estrato com o intuito de se obter uma amostra
composta do substrato superficial (0-20 cm), de forma a representar a heterogeneidade
ambiental de cada ?rea. Foram analisados: pH em ?gua; teores de P, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ e Al3+;
complexo sortivo (acidez potencial (H+Al), satura??o e soma por bases (V% e SB), CTC (T),
CTC efetiva (t) e satura??o por alum?nio (m%) e mat?ria org?nica (MO). Os dados obtidos
foram aferidos e submetidos a an?lises estat?sticas. Realizou-se an?lise de componentes
principais (PCA) pelo software PCORD vers?o 6, de modo a sintetizar as vari?veis de maior
relev?ncia na correla??o das vari?veis analisadas. Para levantamento da comunidade vegetal
foi empregado o m?todo da interse??o na linha no qual em cada ?rea foram alocadas doze
linhas com 10,0 m de comprimento, distribu?das em zigzag, seguindo as coletas de solo, para
correlacionar caracter?sticas do solo e vegeta??o. Cada linha foi subdividida em dez unidades
amostrais (UA) cont?nuas, totalizando 470 UAs e anotado a ocorr?ncia de esp?cies de h?bito
herb?ceo, arbustivo e arb?reo. Foram calculadoss par?metros fitossociol?gicos: frequ?ncia
absoluta (FA), frequ?ncia relativa (FR), cobertura absoluta (CA), cobertura relativa (CR) e o
valor de import?ncia (VI). Para comparar os diferentes setores das ?reas estudadas quanto ao
perfil de estrat?gias ecol?gicas de esp?cies herb?ceas, estas foram classificadas em sistemas
de guildas de acordo com as estrat?gias de regenera??o, estratifica??o e dispers?o. Nas quatro
?reas analisadas foram amostrados 1.517 indiv?duos, pertencentes a 22 fam?lias e 109
esp?cies. A an?lise dos atributos f?sicos e qu?micos do substrato evidenciou alta limita??o ao
desenvolvimento de plantas colonizadoras, apresentando como restri??es a alta resist?ncia a
penetra??o e substratos de textura arenosa com baixa fertilidade natural. Verificou-se que
houve rela??o entre os gradientes ambientais e a abund?ncia e composi??o flor?stica da
vegeta??o colonizadora, ficando a maioria das esp?cies mais fortemente correlacionada com
as vari?veis MO, H+Al e V al?m de propor??o de Areia, PT, DMG e RP. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / A section of the BR-367, connecting the Diamantina town to the Guinda district, Minas
Gerais, runs through areas of rupestrian field of Espinha?o Range and presents several loan
areas, consisting of deposits of granular material consumed in road construction between the
1960?s and 1980?s, Currently, these areas are still heavily degraded, characterized by poor
vegetation cover, soil exposure and the absence of an efficient surface drainage system. In
this context, the need arises for alternatives that have effectiveness in the integration of
silvicultural knowledge and ecological principles aiming the return of these areas to the
conditions close to the originals. This work aimed to understand the relationship between
environmental variables and the horizontal and floristic structure of the colonizing species of
these degraded environments. Four degraded areas were selected, analyzed by aerial
photographs referring to the years 1960 and 1979 in which it was possible to detect the
degraded areas. For the study of the substrate, the four areas selected for the collection of
deformed and undisturbed samples were stratified in a preferential way. The proportions of
sand, silt, clay, penetration resistance data, particle and apparent density, total porosity, micro
and macro porosity were obtained. For the chemical analyzes, 5 sub-samples of each stratum
were collected with the aim of obtaining a composite sample of the surface substrate (0-20
cm), in order to represent the environmental heterogeneity of each area. The following
parameters were analyzed: pH in water; Contents of P, K +, Mg2 +, Ca2 + and Al3 +; (S),
saturation (V%), sum of bases (SB), CTC (T), effective CTC (t) and saturation by aluminum
(m%) and organic matter. A PCA was performed by software PCORD version 6, in order to
synthesize the variables of greater relevance in the correlation of the analyzed variables. Was
used the method of the intersection in the line in which in each area were allocated twelve
lines with 10.0 m in length, distributed in zigzag, following the soil collections, to correlate
soil and vegetation characteristics. Each row was subdivided into ten continuous sample units
(AU), totaling 470 POAs and the occurrence of species of herbaceous, shrub and arboreal
habit. Phytosociological parameters were calculated: absolute frequency (AF), relative
frequency (FR), absolute coverage (AC), relative coverage (CR), and importance value (VI).
In order to compare the different sectors of the studied areas with respect to the profile of
ecological strategies of herbaceous species, these were classified in guild systems according
to the strategies of regeneration, stratification and dispersion. In the four areas analyzed,
1,517 individuals belonging to 22 families and 109 species were sampled. The analysis of the
physical and chemical attributes of the substrate showed a high limitation to the development of colonizing plants, presenting as restrictions the high resistance to penetration and substrates of sandy texture with low natural fertility. It was verified that there was a relation between the environmental gradients and the abundance and floristic composition of the colonizing vegetation, being most of the species more strongly correlated with the variables MO, H+Al and V besides the proportion of Sand, PT, DMG and PR.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui:1/1379 |
| Date | 21 October 2016 |
| Creators | Lage, Mayara Ribeiro |
| Contributors | Mucida, Danielle Piuzana, Gonzaga, Anne Priscila Dias, Silva, Michele Aparecida Pereira da, Pereira, Israel Marinho, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Mucida, Danielle Piuzana |
| Publisher | UFVJM |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFVJM, instname:Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, instacron:UFVJM |
| Rights | A concess?o da licen?a deste item refere-se ao ? termo de autoriza??o impresso assinado pelo autor, assim como na licen?a Creative Commons, com as seguintes condi??es: Na qualidade de titular dos direitos de autor da publica??o, autorizo a Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri e o IBICT a disponibilizar por meio de seus reposit?rios, sem ressarcimento dos direitos autorais, de acordo com a Lei n? 9610/98, o texto integral da obra disponibilizada, conforme permiss?es assinaladas, para fins de leitura, impress?o e/ou download, a t?tulo de divulga??o da produ??o cient?fica brasileira, e preserva??o, a partir desta data., info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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