Populations of the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, have been shown to consist of both migratory and trivial flying morphs. The behavior of these forms as part of the process of short-range migration needed to be examined under field conditions. Insects were marked in a field of cantaloupes using fluorescent dust. During the first growing season traps, used to collect living whiteflies, were placed along 16 equally spaced transects (22.5° apart) radiating out from the field to a distance of up to 0.6 miles. Wind out of the northeast consistently carried migrating whiteflies to traps placed along transects in the southwestern quadrant because cold air drainages dictate wind direction during early morning hours. For this reason, during the second season traps were laid out in a rectangular grid extending 3 miles to the southwest of the marked field. If dispersal was entirely passive or wind directed patterns could be described using a diffusion model. Statistical examination of the data, however, demonstrate that the distribution on all days was patchy. Traps in the immediate vicinity of the marked field caught more whiteflies than the daily median. Large numbers were also collected from around the periphery of the grid. Whiteflies were far less prevalent in the grid's center. As a result, the distribution of captured whiteflies can be described as bimodal. These patterns confirm behavior observed in the laboratory, i.e., a portion of the population are trivial fliers that do not engage in migration and are consequently captured in traps near the field and a portion initially ignore vegetative cues and fly for a period of time before landing in distant traps. This second population comprises the second peak in the model that appeared 1.6 miles from the marked field. On a localized level, 1.6 miles seems to be how far whiteflies move in a day. Earlier studies indicate that whiteflies only fly one day.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:arizona.edu/oai:arizona.openrepository.com:10150/221474 |
| Date | 08 1900 |
| Creators | Byrne, David N., Palumbo, John C., Orum, T. V., Rathman, Robin J. |
| Contributors | Oebker, Norman F. |
| Publisher | College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) |
| Source Sets | University of Arizona |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text, Article |
| Relation | Series P-100, 370100 |
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