New cherry orchards are planted in denser spacing with less vigorous rootstocks and using new training systems. The aim of the thesis was to compare two training systems (central leader, Spanish bush) with respect to growing (tree height, canopy volume, trunk cross-section area, pruning requirements), yielding (yield per tree, yield per TCSA, fruit weight, and cumulative yield) and physiologic characteristics (stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, macro- and microelement leaf content). For this purpose, two cherry orchards were chosen. The first one was planted with commercially produced Burlat and Kordia sweet cherry trees on Gisela 5 and Colt rootstock in spring 2005. The trees were trained in two above mentioned systems and evaluated for four years. The trees of both varieties on rootstock P-TU-1 (similar to Mazzard) trained as central leader were used as a control. The trees were planted in two replications of four trees per each. The second orchard was planted with commercially produced Sweetheart sweet cherry trees on P-TU-1 rootstock and trained also in the two systems. In each variant twenty-one trees were evaluated for three years. In the first orchard, the most characteristics except the micro- and macroelement content were significantly related to rootstock and/or training system. In the most cases, rootstock had stronger effect than training system except the pruning requirements and tree height. The variety had the strongest effect on fruit weight. In the second orchard, the significant differences were found in the most characteristics except yielding characteristics in the first year of evaluation and the pruning requirements in the first two years of evaluation. The use of growth regulator (6-benzyladenin) for production of high quality cherry tree saplings for modern orchards was tested. The trial was realized at two localities. At the first locality two varieties (Hedelfingen´s, Kordia) on two rootstocks (mahaleb, Mazzard) were used for testing while the variety Sweetheart on P-TU-1 was used at the second locality. Two treatments (spraying, spraying with the defoliation of the top part of the tree) and the control treatment (without spraying) were made for two (first locality) or three years (second locality). At the both localities, the significant differences in total growth per tree, angle of shoots, number of annual shoots and sapling height were found even if the differences between localities and the growing years were found. At the first locality, the strongest effect was due to the rootstock used whereas at the second locality, it was the treatment used. From the results of the shoot number, the best treatment seems to be the spraying with the defoliation of the top part of the tree. The presented results can be utilized in high quality production of sweet cherry tree saplings from nurseries and their subsequent planting in the intensive sweet cherry tree orchards.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:nusl.cz/oai:invenio.nusl.cz:425518 |
| Date | January 2014 |
| Creators | Štochl, Marek |
| Source Sets | Czech ETDs |
| Language | Czech |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
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