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Previous issue date: 2010-08-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq, Brasil. / The Histosols have a small geographic extension in the Brazilian territory; however, they are
intensively used in family agriculture systems and have a great environmental importance.
The drainage of Histosols leads to the subsidence process and other changes in the soil
organic matter (SOM), with consequences in their characteristics and potential. The nature of
humic substances (HSs) is determinant in the alterations of the Histosols. The characterization
of the HSs allows the understanding of processes of SOM transformation in the Histosols, and
their environmental impact. The objectives of this study were: to characterize Histosols from
different environments and land usage intensity; and to evaluate alterations in humic fractions
of SOM, by using elemental composition analyses, spectroscopic, thermal degradation, and
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The study was developed in eight Histosols,
from the States of Rio de Janeiro, Maranh?o and Paran?, in Brazil. Their chemical properties:
total organic carbon (TOC), pH, sum of bases (SB), H+, Al3+, cation exchange capacity
(CEC), and V%; and physical properties: bulk density (BD), MR, MM, and OMD, were
evaluated. Also, the quantitative fractionating of the HSs: fulvic acid (C-FAF), humic acid (CHAF),
and humin (C-HUM), and C-FAH/C-FAF relations, C-EA/C-HUM (C-EA = C-FAF +
C-FAH). The humic acids were extracted using the method of the International Humic
Substances Society (IHSS), and evaluated by different techniques. The chemical attributes
varied with the intensity of burning and agricultural usage. Though, in general, the Histosols
presented low natural fertility, and it was related to the humic acid fraction (high ratio CFAH/
C-FAF). Amongst the SOM fractions the HUM predominated, with an average value of
59.98% of total carbon determined by the CHN; followed by the FAH. The C-FAH/C-FAF
ratio diminished with the increase of agriculture usage intensity. The results of the TGI
(Thermal Gravimetric Index) suggested strong resistance to thermal degradation of majority
of the organic horizons. The elemental composition (%C, %H, %N, %O) of the humic acids
showed large amplitude of variation between the horizons, but no pattern was observed
between the Histosols. The increase of carbon content, the high values of TGI, and the
reduction of oxygen content in the humic acids (HA) might explain the high thermal
decomposition resistance found in the HA extracted form the Histosols. A correlation between
H/C and TGI was observed, where the lower values of H/C were related to the highest
resistance of the humic acids to thermal degradation. The spectroscopic and NMR techniques
allowed characterizing compounds and groups of substances in the HA, showing the great
potential of these tools in studies of HS from Histosols. The multivariate methods allowed a
combined analysis of techniques applied in the study, showing a group of labile and
recalcitrance materials in the soils. The results, in general, indicated the fragility of the
Histosols areas, in terms of agricultural management and the formation environment. Their
importance for the environment should be priority in comparison to agricultural usage, mainly
due to their relevant part in the aquifers preservation. / Os Organossolos t?m pequena representatividade geogr?fica no Brasil, entretanto, s?o
utilizados intensamente em modelos de agricultura familiar e t?m grande import?ncia
ambiental. Por?m, a sua drenagem conduz ao processo de subsid?ncia e outras modifica??es
na mat?ria org?nica do solo (MOS), com implica??es nas caracter?sticas dos Organossolos e
em sua potencialidade. A natureza das subst?ncias h?micas (SHs) ? determinante nessas
altera??es nos Organossolos. A caracteriza??o das SHs permite a compreens?o dos processos
de transforma??o da MOS nos Organossolos e seu impacto no ambiente. Os objetivos deste
trabalho foram: caracterizar Organossolos em v?rios ambientes e intensidade de uso agr?cola e
avaliar altera??es nas fra??es humificadas da MO, atrav?s de t?cnicas de an?lise da
composi??o elementar, espectrosc?picas, termodegradativas e de resson?ncia magn?tica
nuclear (RMN). Foram estudados oito perfis de solos, nos Estados do Rio de Janeiro,
Maranh?o e Paran?. Foram avaliadas as suas propriedades qu?micas: carbono org?nico total
(COT), pH, soma de bases (SB), H+, Al3+, CTC e V%; e propriedades f?sicas: densidade do
solo (Ds), RM, MM e DMO. Al?m do fracionamento quantitativo das SHs: ?cidos f?lvicos
(C-FAF), ?cidos h?micos (C-FAH) e humina (C-HUM), e rela??es C-FAH/C-FAF, C-EA/CHUM
(C-EA = C-FAF + C-FAH). Os ?cidos h?micos (AH) foram extra?dos pelo m?todo da
Sociedade Internacional de Subst?ncias H?micas (IHSS) e avaliados por distintas t?cnicas. Os
atributos qu?micos variaram com o efeito das queimadas e da intensidade de uso agr?cola;
por?m, em geral, os Organossolos apresentaram baixa fertilidade natural, a qual, em geral,
esteve relacionada ? fra??o ?cido h?mico (maior raz?o C-FAH/C-FAF). Dentre as fra??es da
MO, a HUM predominou, com valor m?dio de 59,98% do carbono total determinado pelo
CHN, seguida da FAH. A rela??o C-FAH/C-FAF diminuiu a medida que o uso agr?cola ?
intensificado. Os dados do ITG (?ndice Termogravim?trico) sugeriram forte resist?ncia ?
termodegrada??o para a maioria dos horizontes org?nicos. A composi??o elementar (%C,
%H, %N, %O) dos ?cidos h?micos apresentou grande amplitude entre os horizontes, por?m
sem padr?o diferenciado entre os Organossolos. O aumento do conte?do de carbono, os altos
valores de ITG e a diminui??o do conte?do de oxig?nio nos ?cidos h?micos podem explicar a
maior resist?ncia a termodecomposi??o dos AH extra?dos dos Organossolos. Foi observada
correla??o entre a raz?o H/C e o ITG, onde os menores valores de H/C estiveram relacionados
a maior resist?ncia dos AH ? termodegrada??o. As t?cnicas espectrosc?picas e de RMN
permitiram caracterizar compostos e grupamentos nos AH, demonstrando o potencial dessas
ferramentas nos estudos de SHs provenientes de Organossolos. Os m?todos de an?lise
multivariada permitiram uma avalia??o conjunta das t?cnicas utilizadas, mostrando um grupo
de amostras l?beis e recalcitrantes nos solos. Os resultados encontrados, em geral, indicam a
fragilidade das ?reas de Organossolos, em fun??o do manejo para agricultura e do seu
ambiente de forma??o. A sua import?ncia em termos ambientais deveria ser priorizada em
rela??o ao uso agr?cola, principalmente pelo papel relevante na preserva??o de aqu?feros.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1838 |
| Date | 27 August 2010 |
| Creators | Ebeling, Adierson Gilvani |
| Contributors | Anjos, L?cia Helena Cunha dos, Perez, Daniel Vidal, Pereira, Marcos Gervasio, Valladares, Gustavo Souza, Giarola, Neyde Fabiola Balarezo, Campos, David Vilas Boas de |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Agronomia e Ci?ncia do Solo, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Agronomia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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