瑞典是世界上最早開始實施積極勞動市場政策的國家之一，同時也是目前世界上最致力於實施積極勞動市場政策的國家之一。積極勞動市場政策在瑞典的勞動就業中佔有重要地位，並且也是瑞典勞動就業政策以及瑞典模型的一個基本特徵。瑞典積極勞動市場政策充分開發並利用了邊緣勞動力，提高了勞動參與率，促進了不同部門之間勞動力的合理配置,但其高昂的支出也加重了財政負擔，減少了正規就業。
換言之，積極勞動市場政策已成為瑞典經濟與政治政策的註冊商標。回顧1930年代具體的制度措施，有助於解釋近年來瑞典如何成功地結合高福利與經濟增長和高就業水準。對充分就業承諾與以積極的態度來面對開放經濟所帶來的結構變化，其最終目的在於保障就業。而在此體制的背後是強大的社會合作夥伴奧援。儘管全球化對瑞典模式造成不少壓力，惟最近的經驗顯示瑞典模式是可持續的。
雖然在促進就業方面瑞典所採行之政策與我國有若干相似之處，包括強調積極勞動市場措施的重要性，對直接僱用、薪資補貼與職業訓練投入大筆經費等，但他山之石可以攻錯，就瑞典積極勞動市場政策之探討結論本研究提出以下建議：（一）就業能力與方案類型存在一定的關聯性，故應對方案參與者有較多評估，並協助其選擇及參與適當的促進就業方案以及注意不同促進就業措施的競合關係，使之減少方案間排擠現象，發揮方案間加乘效果；（二）不同景氣狀況宜適用不同促進就業措施與建立完整方案參與者之長期追蹤資料庫，以利評估和政策導引；（三）調整積極性勞動市場措施之內容，縮減直接僱用的規模；（四）行政層級職掌分工與就業政策之彈性因應化；（五）修訂賦稅制度、促進工作激勵制度。 / Sweden is one of the countries in the world coming into force an active labour market policy at the earliest stage, and one of the countries with policy efforts which currently commits to carry out an active labor market policy. The active labor market policy takes an important position in Sweden labour market , and a main characteristic of Sweden labour market policies and Swedish Model. It develops and makes good use of the marginal labour force , improves the labour force participation rate , and promotes the rational allocation of labour between different departments. But its high expenditure adds to the financial burden , and reduces the formal employment .
In words, an active labour market policy has been a trademark of Swedish economic policies. Specific institutional features which go way back to the 1930s help to explain why Sweden have been so relatively successful in recent years in combining high welfare with economic growth and high employment levels. A commitment to full employment and to an open economy brought about a proactive attitude towards structural change, aiming at protecting employment. The institutional framework behind is strong social partners. Even though globalization puts additional pressure on the system and demands ever more skilful political and economic governance, most recent experiences suggest that the model might be sustainable.
To promote the employment, Swedish and Taiwan take some similar policy measures. Although there are a number of similarities, including the emphasis on active labour market measures, the importance of direct employment creation, vocational training and wage subsidies for large investment funds, there are still the followings worthwhile for our country to learn as an advice from others may help one’s defects.Therefore, this study makes the following recommendations:（a）there is a certain relevance between employability and the type of programmes. We need to assist participants to choose and participate in appropriate programmes to promote employment;（b）to pay attention to the promotion measures to reduce the crowding out among programs; make programs synergistic;（c）to adjust the contents of the labor market measures to reduce the scale of direct employment creation;（d）to take some employment measures according to differnt economic situation to promote employment and establish the long-term database of the programme participants to track and facilitate the assessment and policy guidance; （e）to amend the tax system to promote work incentives.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0096262003 |
| Creators | 謝嘉文, Hsieh, Chia-Wen |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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