by Chan Yu Keung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-141). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Table of Content --- p.iv / List of Figures --- p.ix / List of Tables --- p.xiv / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Overview --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Textiles Industry in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- Processes Involved in Textiles Industry --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Typical Stages in Bleaching and Dyeing Step --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Characterization of Textile Wastewater --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Desizing --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Scouring --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Bleaching --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Mercerizing --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4.5 --- Dyeing and Printing --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4.6 --- Finishing --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5 --- Toxicity of Pollutants from Textiles Industry --- p.8 / Chapter 1.6 --- Related Environmental Legislation in Hong Kong --- p.9 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Water Pollution Control Ordinance --- p.9 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Waste Disposal Ordinance --- p.10 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- General Sewage Charge --- p.10 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Trade Effluent Surcharge --- p.10 / Chapter 1.7 --- Chemical Specific Approach --- p.11 / Chapter 1.8 --- Toxicity Based Approach --- p.12 / Chapter 1.8.1 --- Selection of Organisms for Bioassays --- p.13 / Chapter 1.9 --- Whole-Effluent Toxicity (WET) Test --- p.14 / Chapter 1.10 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation --- p.14 / Chapter 1.10.1 --- Phase I ´ؤ Toxicant Characterization --- p.15 / Chapter 1.10.2 --- Phase II - Toxicant Identification --- p.16 / Chapter 1.10.3 --- Phase III - Toxicant Confirmation --- p.16 / Chapter 1.11 --- Ecotoxicology --- p.16 / Chapter 2. --- OBJECTIVES --- p.18 / Chapter 3. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.19 / Chapter 3.1 --- Sources of Samples --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2 --- Whole Effluent Toxicity Test --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Microtox® test --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Growth inhibition test of a marine unicellular microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa CU-2 --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Survival test of a marine amphipod Parhyale plumulosa --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Survival test of a marine fish Mylio macrocephalus --- p.29 / Chapter 3.3 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation - Phase I --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- pH adjustment filtration --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- pH adjustment aeration --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Anion exchange --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Cation exchange --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- pH adjustment C18 solid phase extraction (C18 SPE) --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Activated carbon extraction --- p.41 / Chapter 3.4 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation - Phase II --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Determination of total organic carbon (TOC) --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Determination of metals --- p.46 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Determination of anions --- p.48 / Chapter 4. --- RESULTS --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1 --- Sample Description --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2 --- Whole Effluent Toxicity Tests --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Toxicity of whole effluent samples on algal growth inhibition test using Chlorella pyrenoidosa CU-2 --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Toxicity of whole effluent samples on Microtox® test --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Toxicity of whole effluent samples on survival test of amphipod Parhyale plumulosa --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Toxicity of whole effluent samples on survival test of Mylio macrocephalus --- p.71 / Chapter 4.3 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation - Phase I --- p.71 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Effect of filtration at pH 3 on toxicity reduction --- p.71 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Effect of filtration at pH 7 on toxicity reduction --- p.74 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Effect of filtration at pHi on toxicity reduction --- p.74 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Effect of aeration at pH 3 on toxicity reduction --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Effect of aeration at pH 7 on toxicity reduction --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Effect of aeration at pHi on toxicity reduction --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3.7 --- Effect of anion exchange on toxicity reduction --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3.8 --- Effect of cation exchange on toxicity reduction --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.9 --- Effect of C18 extraction at pH3 on toxicity reduction --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.10 --- Effect of C18 extraction at pH 7 on toxicity reduction --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.11 --- Effect of C18 extraction at pH 9 on toxicity reduction --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.12 --- Effect of activated carbon extraction on toxicity reduction --- p.101 / Chapter 4.4 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation ´ؤ Phase II --- p.101 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Effect of anion exchange on chemical reduction --- p.101 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effect of cation exchange on chemical reduction --- p.107 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Effect of C18 extraction at pH 3 on chemical reduction --- p.107 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Effect of C18 extraction at pH 7 on chemical reduction --- p.110 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Effect of C18 extraction at pH 9 on chemical reduction --- p.110 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Effect of activated carbon extraction on chemical reduction --- p.110 / Chapter 5. --- DISCUSSION --- p.114 / Chapter 5.1 --- Whole Effluent Toxicity Test --- p.114 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Toxicity of whole effluent samples on algal growth inhibition test of Chlorella pyrenoidosa CU-2 --- p.114 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Toxicity of whole effluent samples on Microtox® test --- p.116 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Toxicity of whole effluent samples on survival test of amphipod Parhyale plumulosa --- p.117 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Toxicity of whole effluent samples on survival test of fish Mylio macrocephalus --- p.118 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Correlations among toxicity tests --- p.118 / Chapter 5.1.6 --- Factor analysis on whole effluent toxicity tests --- p.121 / Chapter 5.2 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation ´ؤ Phase I --- p.122 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- pH adjustment filtration test --- p.124 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- pH adjustment aeration test --- p.124 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Anion exchange test --- p.124 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Cation exchange test --- p.125 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- pH adjustment C18 solid phase extraction test --- p.125 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- Activated carbon extraction test --- p.126 / Chapter 5.3 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation Phase II --- p.126 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Effect of anion exchange on chemical reduction --- p.126 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Effect of cation exchange on chemical reduction --- p.127 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Effect of C18 solid phase extraction on chemical reduction --- p.127 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Effect of activated carbon extraction on chemical reduction --- p.127 / Chapter 5.4 --- Correlation between toxicity reduction and chemical reduction --- p.128 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Anion exchange --- p.128 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Cation exchange --- p.129 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- C18 solid phase extraction --- p.129 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Activated carbon extraction --- p.130 / Chapter 6. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.131 / Chapter 7. --- REFERENCE --- p.133
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_322208 |
| Date | January 1998 |
| Contributors | Chan, Yu Keung., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Graduate Board on Environmental Science. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xiv, 141 leaves : ill. (some col., some mounted) ; 30 cm. |
| Coverage | China, Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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